한국음악학과 에믹(emic)/에틱(etic) 논제 = Korean Musicology and the Emic/Etic Issues

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There are two viewpoints to investigate culture in anthropology: emic and etic. The expression emic/etic was coined by the American linguist, Kenneth L. Pike, who also developed the theoretical issues involved. Pike built up the emic/ etic distinction to define sets of contrasting units and to describe their distribution, behavior, and arrangement in both verbal and nonverbal domains. The anthropologist Marvin Harris later applied the distinction to set up a relationship between emics, the mental, and the native on the one hand, and etics, the behavioral, and the observer on the other.
Ethnomusicologists adopted the emic/etic distinction in their study of musical culture in various ways. For example, the emic/etic distinction can be applied in transcription. There may be an etic transcription, that is, noting all distinctions in sound which the transcriber can, and an emic transcription which gives only the essentials. In Korean musicology, foreign scholars normally try to transcribe musical phenomena perceived by the transcriber as much as possible while native scholars tend to transcribe them with less detail. However, it is not the ma竹er of viewpoints of foreign versus native scholars. Within native scholars, there are diverse points of view to perceive music in accordance with their approach to the music.
The emic/etic distinction usually involves the insider/ outsider issue. In Korean musicology, there have been some instances that the interpretations of musical phenomena by native and foreign scholars are different. For instance, Lee Hye-gu disagreed with Jonathan Condit’s interpretation of traditional notation system. It is true that all native scholars may acquire the emic view. Rather, it is a scholar’s educational background and method that he/she can approach musical culture in emic or etic view. A scholar must have a dialectical mind to balance emic/etic viewpoint in order to understand the deep structure of musical culture.