Thermal analysis in practice : fundamental aspects

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• PREFACE = 5
• CONTENTS = 6
• 1 INTRODUCTION TO THERMAL ANALYSIS = 10
• 1.1 DEFINITIONS = 10
• 1.2 A BRIEF EXPLANATION OF IMPORTANT THERMAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES = 11
• 1.3 APPLICATION OVERVIEW = 13
• 1.4 THE TEMPERATURE PROGRAM = 14
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 15
• 2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF THERMAL ANALYSIS = 16
• 2.1 THERMAL ANALYSIS AT METTLER TOLEDO = 17
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 18
• 3 POLYMERS = 19
• 3.1 INTRODUCTION = 19
• 3.2 SYNTHESIS OF POLYMERS = 20
• 3.3 THERMOPLASTICS = 22
• 3.4 THERMOSETS = 24
• 3.5 ELASTOMERS = 24
• 3.6 POLYMER ADDITIVES = 26
• 3.7 USE OF THERMAL ANALYSIS TO CHARACTERIZE POLYMERS = 26
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 27
• 4 BASIC MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY = 28
• 4.1 DEFINITION = 28
• 4.2 SENSITIVITY = 28
• 4.3 NOISE = 28
• 4.4 DETECTION LIMIT = 29
• 4.5 DRIFT = 29
• 4.6 TIME CONSTANT, LIMITING FREQUENCY = 30
• 4.7 DIGITAL RESOLUTION AND SAMPLING INTERVAL = 31
• 4.8 CALIBRATION AND ADJUSTMENT OF SENSORS = 31
• 4.9 THE MOST IMPORTANT ELECTRICAL TEMPERATURE SENSORS = 33
• 4.10 TEMPERATURES IN THERMAL ANALYSIS = 34
• 5 GENERAL THERMAL ANALYSIS EVALUATIONS = 36
• 5.1 THE OPTIMUM COORDINATE SYSTEM = 36
• 5.2 EDITING DIAGRAMS = 36
• 5.3 DISPLAYING INFORMATION FROM THE DATABASE = 37
• 5.4 OPTIMIZING THE PRESENTATION OF A DIAGRAM = 38
• 5.5 NORMALIZING MEASUREMENT CURVES TO SAMPLE MASS = 38
• 5.6 DISPLAYING CURVES WITH RESPECT TO TIME, REFERENCE TEMPERATURE OR SAMPLE TEMPERATURE = 39
• 5.7 SAMPLE TEMPERATURE AS A FUNCTION OF TIME = 40
• 5.8 CURVE CORRECTION USING A BASELINE SEGMENT = 40
• 5.9 MATHEMATICAL EVALUATIONS = 41
• 5.10 CURVE COMPARISON = 43
• 5.11 NUMERICAL EVALUATIONS = 47
• 6 GENERAL MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGY = 51
• 6.1 USUAL COORDINATE SYSTEMS OF DIAGRAMS = 51
• 6.2 THE ATMOSPHERE IN THE MEASURING CELL = 53
• 6.3 CRUCIBLES IN THERMAL ANALYSIS = 57
• 6.4 OVERVIEW OF THERMAL EFFECTS = 59
• 6.5 CALIBRATION AND ADJUSTMENT = 61
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 65
• 7 DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY = 66
• 7.1 INTRODUCTION = 67
• 7.2 DESIGN AND DSC MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE = 68
• 7.3 SAMPLE PREPARATION = 75
• 7.4 PERFORMING MEASUREMENTS = 77
• 7.5 INTERPRETATION OF DSC CURVES = 79
• 7.6 DSC EVALUATIONS = 92
• 7.7 SOME SPECIAL DSC MEASUREMENTS = 128
• 7.8 DSC APPLICATION OVERVIEW = 134
• 7.9 CALIBRATION AND ADJUSTMENT = 135
• 7.10 APPENDIX : ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF A DSC MEASURING CELL USING SIMPLE MEASUREMENTS = 138
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 142
• 8 FAST SCANNING CALORIMETRY = 144
• 8.1 INTRODUCTION = 144
• 8.2 DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE = 145
• 8.3 SAMPLE PREPARATION = 149
• 8.4 PERFORMING MEASUREMENTS = 151
• 8.5 A TYPICAL APPLICATION = 154
• 8.6 APPLICATION OVERVIEW = 156
• 8.7 TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION = 156
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 157
• 9 DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS = 158
• 9.1 THE DTA MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE = 158
• 9.2 TYPICAL DTA CURVES = 159
• 9.3 THE CALCULATION OF THE DSC CURVE FROM SDTA = 160
• 9.4 THE SDTA EVALUATIONS IN THE STARE SOFTWARE = 161
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 161
• 10 THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS = 162
• 10.1 INTRODUCTION = 162
• 10.2 DESIGN AND MEASURING PRINCIPLE = 163
• 10.3 SAMPLE PREPARATION = 166
• 10.4 PERFORMING MEASUREMENTS = 167
• 10.5 INTERPRETING TGA CURVES = 172
• 10.6 TGA EVALUATIONS = 177
• 10.7 TYPICAL APPLICATION : RUBBER ANALYSIS = 183
• 10.8 APPLICATION OVERVIEW = 185
• 10.9 STOICHIOMETRIC CONSIDERATIONS = 185
• 10.10 CALIBRATION AND ADJUSTMENT = 185
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 186
• 11 THERMOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS = 187
• 11.1 INTRODUCTION = 187
• 11.2 THE DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLES OF A TMA = 188
• 11.3 SAMPLE PREPARATION = 192
• 11.4 TEMPERATURE PROGRAM = 193
• 11.5 INTERPRETATION OF TMA CURVES = 194
• 11.6 TMA EVALUATIONS = 199
• 11.7 APPLICATION OVERVIEW FOR TMA = 207
• 11.8 CALIBRATION AND ADJUSTMENT OF A TMA／SDTA = 208
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 209
• 12 DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS = 210
• 12.1 INTRODUCTION = 210
• 12.2 MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE AND DESIGN = 214
• 12.3 SAMPLE PREPARATION = 220
• 12.4 PERFORMING MEASUREMENTS = 221
• 12.5 INTERPRETATION OF DMA CURVES = 223
• 12.6 DMA EVALUATIONS = 235
• 12.7 DMA APPLICATION OVERVIEW = 238
• 12.8 CALIBRATION OF THE DMA／SDTA = 239
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 239
• 13 THE GLASS TRANSITION = 241
• 13.1 GLASSES AND THE GLASS TRANSITION = 241
• 13.2 MEASUREMENT OF THE GLASS TRANSITION BY DSC = 244
• 13.3 DETERMINATION OF THE DSC GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE = 247
• 13.4 PHYSICAL AGING AND ENTHALPY RELAXATION = 249
• 13.5 THE GLASS TRANSITION FOR MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION = 250
• 13.6 OTHER THERMAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING THE GLASS TRANSITION = 262
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 267
• 14 BINARY PHASE DIAGRAMS AND PURITY DETERMINATION = 268
• 14.1 INTRODUCTION = 268
• 14.2 THE MOST IMPORTANT BINARY PHASE DIAGRAMS = 269
• 14.3 THE USE OF THE TIE-LINE TO PREDICT DSC CURVES = 272
• 14.4 CONSTRUCTING PHASE DIAGRAMS FROM DSC MEASUREMENTS = 274
• 14.5 DSC PURITY DETERMINATION = 276
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 282
• 15 POLYMORPHISM = 283
• 15.1 INTRODUCTION AND TERMS = 283
• 15.2 DETECTION OF POLYMORPHISM = 284
• 15.3 THE DSC INVESTIGATION OF THE POLYMORPHISM OF SULFAPYRIDINE = 286
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 286
• 16 TEMPERATURE-MODULATED DSC = 287
• 16.1 INTRODUCTION = 287
• 16.2 ISOSTEP® = 287
• 16.3 ALTERNATING DSC = 290
• 16.4 TOPEM® = 294
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 298
• 17 EVOLVED GAS ANALYSIS = 299
• 17.1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO MASS SPECTROMETRY = 300
• 17.2 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETRY = 300
• 17.3 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY = 301
• 17.4 COUPLING THE TGA TO A GAS ANALYZER = 301
• 17.5 EXAMPLES = 303
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 307
• 18 TGA SORPTION ANALYSIS = 308
• 18.1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO TGA SORPTION ANALYSIS = 308
• 18.2 EXAMPLES = 309
• 18.3 CALIBRATION = 312
• 18.4 TYPICAL APPLICATION AREAS = 313
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 313
• 19 THERMOPTOMETRY = 314
• 19.1 INTRODUCTION = 314
• 19.2 THERMOMICROSCOPY = 314
• 19.3 CHEMILUMINESCENCE IN THERMAL ANALYSIS = 318
• 19.4 CONCLUSIONS = 322
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 323
• 20 METHOD DEVELOPMENT = 324
• 20.1 INTRODUCTION = 324
• 20.2 STEP 1 : CHOOSING THE RIGHT MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE = 326
• 20.3 STEP 2 : SAMPLING AND PREPARATION OF THE TEST SPECIMEN = 328
• 20.4 STEP 3 : CHOOSING THE CRUCIBLE(DSC AND TGA) = 330
• 20.5 STEP 4 : CHOOSING THE TEMPERATURE PROGRAM = 330
• 20.6 STEP 5 : CHOOSING THE ATMOSPHERE = 332
• 20.7 STEP 6 : EXAMINING THE TEST SPECIMEN AFTER MEASUREMENT = 333
• 20.8 STEP 7 : EVALUATION = 333
• 20.9 STEP 8 : VALIDATION = 334
• 20.10 CONCLUSIONS = 334
• REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING = 335
• 21 OVERVIEW OF STANDARD METHODS FOR THERMAL ANALYSIS = 336
• 22 INDEX = 347