OECD/DAC의 증여등가제(Grant Equivalent System) 도입이후 공적개발원조(ODA)의 변화와 향후 과제 = Changes in Official Development Assistance since the OECD/DAC's Grant Equivalent System and Future Challenges

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Despite the introduction of the OECD/DAC's grant equivalent system, which aims to increase concessionality and target ODA to the poorest countries, the actual distribution of ODA shows that these goals have not been fully realized. A significant portion of ODA is still concentrated in middle-income countries (MICs), with only a small fraction reaching low-income countries (LDCs and LICs). There has also been little change in the overall volume of ODA or in donors' lending practices under the new system. While the grant equivalent system represents an important step forward in the way ODA is measured and reported, its impact remains limited mainly due to donor-centered priorities and a lack of concessions to the poorest countries. This paper traces the causes to donor prioritization and risk aversion, inadequate lending conditions, structural problems with the new methodology, and an outdated DAC recommendation framework. Future challenges to address these issues and improve the effectiveness of the grant equivalent methodology include strengthening incentives to lend to the poorest countries, improving the terms and conditions of lending to low-income countries, increasing the proportion of grant aid to low-income countries, enhancing transparency and monitoring of donor aid, and revising DAC recommendation on terms and conditions of ODA. If implemented, these measures would enable donors to better align their practices with the objectives of the grant equivalent system and ensure that ODA effectively supports the poorest and lowest-income countries.