투.보수성 시멘트 콘크리트 포장의 열물성 및 수분보유특성이 표면온도에 미치는 영향 = Effects of Thermal Properties and Water Retention Characteristics of Permeable Concrete Pavement on Surface Temperature

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was undertaken to analyze the effects of pavement thermal properties and water retention characteristics on the surface temperature of the gray permeable cement concrete pavement during the summer. Following is a summary of major results. 1) The hourly surface temperature of pavement could be well predicted with a heat transfer model program that incorporated the input data of major meteorological variables including solar radiation, atmospheric temperature, dew point, wind velocity, cloudiness and the evaporation rate of the pavements predicted by the time domain reflectometry (TDR) method. 2) When the albedo was changed to 0.5 from an arbitrary starting condition of 0.3, holding other variables constant, the peak surface temperature of the pavement dropped by 11.5%. When heat capacity was changed to $2.5\;kJm^{-3}K^{-1}\;from\;1.5\;kJm^{-3}K^{-1}$, surface temperature dropped by 8.0%. When daily evaporation was changed to 1 mm from 2 mm, temperature dropped by 5.7%. When heat conductivity was changed to $2.5\;Wm^{-1}K^{-1}\;from\;1.5\;Wm^{-1}K^{-1}$, the peak surface temperature of the pavement fell by 1.2%. The peak pavement surface temperature under the arbitrary basic condition was $24.46^{\circ}C$ (12 a.m.). 3) It accordingly became evident that the pavement surface temperature can be most effectively lowered by using materials with a high albedo, a high heat capacity or a high evaporation at the pavement surface. The glare situation, however, is intensified by raising of the albedo, moreover if reflected light is absorbed into surrounding physical masses, it is changed into heat. It accordingly became evident that raising the heat capacity and the evaporative capacity may be the moot acceptable measures to improve the thermal characteristics of the pavement. 4) The sensitivity of the surface temperature to major meteorological variables was as follows. When the daily average temperature changed to $0^{\circ}C\;from\;15^{\circ}C$, holding all other variables constant, the peak surface temperature of the pavement decreased by 56.1 %. When the global solar radiation changed to $200\;Wm^{-2}\;from\;600\;Wm^{-2}$, the temperature of the pavement decreased by 23.4%. When the wind velocity changed to $8\;ms^{-1}\;from\;4\;ms^{-1}$, the temperature decreased by 1.4%. When the cloudiness level changed to 1.0 from 0.5, the peak surface temperature decreased by 0.7%. The peak pavement surface temperature under the arbitrary basic conditions was $24.46^{\circ}C$ (12 a.m.)

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "路面溫度のヒート抑制を目的とした機能性鋪裝に關する一檢討" 6 : 29-38, 2001

2 "투보수성 시멘트 콘크리트 포장의 열환경 특성(Ⅰ)." 32 (32): 82-94, 2005

3 "엔진구동 지열 히트펌프의 성능분석(I) -부산진주지방 지중온도 예측-." 23 (23): 135-146, 1998

4 "道路鋪裝の熱環境に及ぼす影響. 環境システム硏究 19" 89-93, 1991

5 "透水性を有する保水性鋪裝材に關する檢討." Ⅴ-088: : 176-177, 2001

6 "散水した保水性鋪裝の熱環境緩和特性に關する實驗的硏究." 613 (613): 225-236, 1999

7 "擴散의 數値解析. 서울" 반도출판사. 1991

8 "快適な都市環境創造のための鋪裝の高溫化抑制策に關する檢討" 622 (622): 23-33, 1999

9 "微氣象に基ついた屋外における人體の熱環境解釋" 509 (509): 53-44, 1995

10 "地表面溫度低減機能を有するインターロッキングブロック鋪裝に關する硏究." 544 (544): 11-20, 1996

11 "保水材を注入した排水性(低騷音)鋪裝の冬期路面に關する硏究. 福井県雪対策建設技術研究所年報." 16 : 1-12, 2003

12 "保水性鋪裝材料の熱的性能に關する實驗 -その2 屋外實驗-." 41268 : 565-566, 2002

13 "保水性鋪裝材料の熱的性能に關する實驗 -その1 屋內實驗-." 41268 : 563-564, 2002

14 "The Effect of Pavement's Temperatures on Air Temperature in Large Cities." Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory. 2000

15 "Soil surface heat flux some general questions and comments on measurements." 75 : 43-50, 1995

16 "Soil Physics Companion." CRC Press. 2002

17 "On the application of the energy balance equation to predict ground temperature profiles." 60 (60): 181-190, 1997

18 "Numerical solutions of a complete surface energy balance model for simulation of heat fluxes and surface temperature under bare soil environment." 130 : 171-200, 2002

19 "Mixture of time scales in evaporation: Desorption and self-similarity of energy fluxes," 92 : 832-836, 2000

20 "Mixture of time scales in evaporation desorption and self-similarity of energy fluxes." 92 : 832-836, 2000

21 "Introduction to Heat Transfer. New York" 1985

22 "Instruction Manual -Pyrgeometer & Net Pyrgeometer-." Kipp & Zonen 2003

23 "Heat storage of pavement and its effect on the lower atmosphere." 30 (30): 413-427, 1996

24 "Heat Transfer. New York" 1984

25 "Field measurements for estimating the convective heat transfer coefficient at building surfaces." 38 : 873-881, 2003

26 "Experimental investigation on thermal radiation exchange of horizontal outdoor surfaces." 83 : 83-89, 2003

27 "Characteristics of permeable pavement during hot summer weather and impact on the thermal environment." 35 : 363-375, 2000

28 "Analytical Methods in Conduction Heat Transfer. New York" 1971

29 "Analysis of the relationship between bare soil evaporation and soil moisture simulated by 13 land surface schemes for a simple non-vegetated site." 13 : 47-56, 1996

30 "A Computer Model to Predict the Surface Temperature and Time-of-Wetness of Concrete Pavements and Bridge Decks." U.S. Department of Commerce. 651 : 2000