한국문화에 기반한 호텔인적자원관리와 직원 결과(Employee Outcomes)의 관계에 관한 연구 = A Study on the Relationship between HRM Practices which is based on the Korean Culture and Employee Outcomes in the Korean Hotel Industry

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Most countries have their own culture that presents different types of behaviour. The employees’ specific ways of working, according to each country, influence its organisation, thus cultural differences have become an essential issue in operating management. Therefore, this study explored how the different cultures based on Hofstede’s paradigm interact within the specific Korean context. This study examined how cultural related HRM practices were enacted in the Korean hotel industry, how the frameworks of Hofstede’s model impact the employee outcomes, including the concept of organisational justice. This study followed a quantitative approach which relied on a positivist paradigm to evaluate the different HRM practices at hotel workplaces with the view of employees. This study gathered a survey on 601 hotel employees in the deluxe sector. The analysis of quantitative data was undertaken using SPSS version 23.0 software and AMOS 23.0 to achieve the research aim for the study. This study contributes new findings to the research literature. The results of this study showed how Confucianism also plays a predominant role in understanding Korean culture, more than the Hofstede’s original four dimensions of culture.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김정애, "커피전문점의 서비스 품질 및 서비스공정성이 고객만족 및 행동의도에 미치는 영향- 국내외 커피전문점을 조절효과로 -" (사)한국조리학회 23 (23): 144-162, 2017

2 김동규, "비정규직 호텔 조리종사원의 감성지능이 조직몰입, 업무성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구" (사)한국조리학회 23 (23): 43-55, 2017

3 김해동, "로컬호텔과 체인호텔 종사자의 직무만족, 이직의도, 조직몰입에 관한 연구" (사)한국조리학회 23 (23): 216-224, 2017

4 Marchington, M., "‘Best practice’ human resource management : perfect opportunity or dangerous illusion?" 11 (11): 1104-1124, 2000

5 Sweeney, P. D., "Workers’ evaluations of the"ends’ and the"means" : An examination of four models of distributive and procedural justice" 55 : 23-40, 1993

6 Lee, Yeonu, "Women workforce in the Korean context" 7 (7): 403-412, 2017

7 Sung, S., "Women reconciling paid and unpaid work in a confucian welfare state : The case of South Korea" 37 (37): 342-360, 2003

8 Maister, D. H., "What managers must do to create a high-achievement culture" 42 (42): 90-96, 2001

9 Hom, P. W., "Towards a greater understanding of how dissatisfaction drives employee turnover" 44 (44): 975-987, 2001

10 Gibb, S., "The state of human resource management : evidence from employees’ views of HRM system and staff" 23 (23): 318-336, 2001

11 Lance, C. E., "The sources of four commonly reported cutoff criteria: What did they really say?" 9 (9): 202-220, 2006

12 Gannon, J. M., "The role of strategic groups in understanding strategic human resource management" 41 (41): 513-546, 2010

13 Furrer, O., "The relationships between culture and service quality perceptions : Basis for cross-cultural market segmentation and resource allocation" 2 (2): 354-371, 2000

14 Bloom, M., "The relationships among organizational context, pay dispersion and managerial turnover" 45 (45): 33-42, 2002

15 Tzafrir, S., "The relationship between trust, HRM practices and firm performance" 16 (16): 1600-1622, 2005

16 Rupp, D. E., "The mediating effects of social exchange relationship in predicting workplace outcomes from multifoci organizational justice" 89 : 925-946, 2002

17 Green, K. W., "The impact of strategic human resource management on firm performance and HR professionals’ work attitude and work performance" 17 (17): 559-579, 2006

18 Fatt, C. K., "The impact of organizational justice on employee's job satisfaction : The Malaysian companies perspectives" 2 (2): 56-63, 2010

19 Huselid, M. A., "The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance" 38 (38): 635-672, 1995

20 Delaney, J., "The impact of human resource management practices on perceptions of organizational performance" 39 (39): 949-969, 1996

21 Lambert, E. G., "The impact of distributive and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and work behaviours" 35 : 644-656, 2007

22 Gooderham, P., "The impact of bundles of strategic human resource management practices on the performance of European firms" 19 (19): 2041-2056, 2008

23 Chand, M., "The impact of HRM practices on organisational performance in the Indian hotel industry" 29 (29): 576-594, 2007

24 Wright, P., "The impact of HR practices on the performance of business units" 13 (13): 21-36, 2003

25 Pfeffer. J., "The human equation" Harvard Business School Press 1998

26 Pine, B. J., "The experience economy" Harvard Business School Press 1999

27 Gould-Williams, J., "The effects of high commitment HRM practices on employee attitude : The views of public sector workers" 82 (82): 63-81, 2004

28 Hoftstede, G., "The cultural relativity of organizational practices and theories" (Fall) : 75-89, 1983

29 Hoftstede, G., "The business of international business is culture" 3 (3): 1-14, 1994

30 Ghobadian, A., "Strategy and performance: Achieving competitive advantage in the global marketplace" Palgrave 2004

31 Boxall, P., "Strategy and human resource management" Palgrave Macmillan 2011

32 Boxall, P., "Strategy and human resource management" Sage 2003

33 Ngo, H. Y., "Strategic human resource management, firm performance, and employee relations climate in China" 47 (47): 73-90, 2008

34 Richard, O. C., "Strategic human resource management effectiveness and firm performance" 12 (12): 299-310, 2001

35 Panayotopoulou, L., "Strategic human resource management and its effect on firm performance : An implementation of the competing values framework" 14 (14): 680-699, 2003

36 Gratton, L., "Strategic human resource management" Oxford University 2000

37 Storey, J., "Strategic human resource management" The Open University 2005

38 Budhwar, P. S., "Strategic HRM through the cultural looking glass : Mapping the cognition of British and Indian managers" 23 (23): 599-638, 2002

39 Korea Culture & Tourism Institute, "Statistics. Korea Hotel Rooms"

40 Clark, A. E., "Satisfaction and comparison income" 61 (61): 359-381, 1996

41 Olkkonen, M. E., "Relationships between organisational justice, identification with organisation and work unit, and group–related outcomes" 100 : 202-215, 2006

42 Chang, W. A., "Relationship between strategic human resource management and firm performance : A contingency perspective" 26 (26): 434-449, 2005

43 Maxwell, G., "Quality service in the international hotel sector" 28 (28): 159-182, 2004

44 Richard, O. C., "Procedural voice and distributive justice : Their influence on mentoring career help and other outcomes" 55 : 725-735, 2002

45 Carbery, R., "Predicting hotel managers’ turnover cognitions" 18 (18): 649-679, 2003

46 Price, L., "Poor personnel practice in the hotel and catering industry : Does it matter?" 4 (4): 44-62, 1994

47 Wong, Y. T., "Perceived organisational justice, trust, and OCB : A study of Chinese workers in joint ventures and state-owned enterprises" 41 : 344-355, 2006

48 Greenberg, J., "Organizational justice : yesterday, today, and tomorrow" 16 : 399-432, 1990

49 Bae, J., "Organizational and HRM strategies in Korea : Impact on firm performance in an emerging economy" 43 (43): 502-517, 2000

50 Parker, R. J., "Organisational justice and turnover in public accounting firms: A research note" 30 : 357-369, 2005

51 Folger, R., "Organisational justice and human resource management" Sage 1998

52 Bagozzi, R., "On the evaluation of structural equation models" 16 : 74-79, 1988

53 Kennedy, D. J., "Newcomer socialisation : oriented to facts or feelings?" 35 (35): 58-71, 1994

54 Dany, F., "New insights into the link between HRM integration and organizational performance : the moderating role of influence distribution between HRM specialists and line managers" 19 (19): 2095-2112, 2008

55 Khilji, S. E., "New evidence in an old debate : Investigating the relationship between HR satisfaction and turnover" 16 : 377-395, 2007

56 Hair, J., "Multivariate data analysis" Pearson/Prentice Hall, Inc 2006

57 Delery, J., "Modes of theorising in strategic human resource management : Test of universalistic, contingency, and configurational performance predictions" 39 (39): 802-835, 1996

58 Huselid, M. A., "Methodological issues in cross-sectional and panel estimates of the human resourcefirm performance link" 35 (35): 400-422, 1996

59 Appelbaum, E., "Manufacturing advantage: Why high performance work systems pay off" Cornell University Press 2000

60 Khatri, N., "Managing human resource for competitive advantage : a study of companies in Singapore" 11 (11): 336-365, 2000

61 Woods, R. H., "Managing hospitality human resource" Educational institute of the American Hotel and Motel Association 1992

62 Suliman, A. M. T., "Links between justice, satisfaction and performance in the workplace : A survey in the UAE and Arabic context" 26 (26): 294-311, 2007

63 Watson, S., "Line managers’ views on adopting human resource roles : the case of Hilton(UK)hotels" 29 (29): 30-49, 2007

64 Korea Culture & Tourism Institute, "Korea Tourism promotion Act"

65 Hodgetts, R. M., "International management" The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 2006

66 Adler, N. J., "International dimensions of organisational behaviour" PWS-Kent 1991

67 Pucik, V., "Information, control, and human resource management in multinational firms" 25 : 121-132, 1986

68 Lucas, R., "Industrial relations in hotels and catering : neglect and paradox?" 34 (34): 267-286, 1996

69 Ramamoorthy, N., "Individualism/collectivism orientations and relations toward alternative human resource management practice" 51 (51): 571-588, 1998

70 Schwartz, S., "Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method and application" Sage 85-119, 1994

71 Paul, A. K., "Impact of people management practices on organisational performance : analysis of a causal model" 14 (14): 1246-1266, 2003

72 김정훈, "IMF 경제 위기 전후 대학생의 돈에 대한 태도와 행동 차이" 한국생활과학회 11 (11): 2002

73 Haynes, P., "Human resource, service quality and performance : A case study" 12 (12): 240-248, 2000

74 Horgan, J., "Human resource systems and employee performance in Ireland and the Netherlands : A test of the complementarity hypothesis" 17 (17): 414-439, 2006

75 Youndt, M. A., "Human resource management, manufacturing strategy and firm performance" 39 (39): 836-866, 1996

76 Chow, C. W., "Human resource management, job satisfaction, morale, optimism, and turnover" 8 (8): 73-88, 2007

77 Boselie, P., "Human resource management, institutionalization and organizational performance : a comparison of hospitals, hotels and local government" 14 (14): 1407-1429, 2003

78 Konrad, A. M., "Human resource management trends in the USA : Challenges in the midst of prosperity" 22 (22): 269-278, 2001

79 Petrescu, A. I., "Human resource management practices and workers’ job satisfaction" 29 (29): 651-667, 2008

80 Hoque, K., "Human resource management in the hotel industry: Strategy, innovation and performance" Routledge 2000

81 Hoque, K., "Human resource management and performance in the UK hotel industry" 37 (37): 419-443, 1999

82 Stavrou, E., "Human resource management and firm performance in Europe through the lens of business systems: Best fit, best practice or both?" 21 (21): 933-962, 2010

83 MacDuffie, J. P., "Human resource bundles and manufacturing performance : Organizational logic and flexible production systems in the world auto industry" 48 : 197-221, 1995

84 Takeuchi, N., "How Japanese manufacturing firms align their human resource policies with business strategies : testing a contingency performance prediction in a Japanese context" 20 (20): 34-56, 2009

85 Jones, M. L., "Hofstede-culturally questionable?" 1-9, 2007

86 Guerrero, S., "High-involvement practices and performance of French firms" 15 (15): 1408-1423, 2004

87 Wood, S., "High commitment management in the UK : Evidence from the workplace industrial relations survey and employers’ manpower and skills survey" 51 (51): 485-515, 1998

88 Cheng, W., "HRM strategies and labour turnover in the hotel industry : A comparative study of Australia and Singapore" 9 (9): 135-154, 1998

89 McGunnigle, P., "HRM in UK hotels : A focus on commitment" 22 (22): 403-422, 2000

90 Paauwe, J., "HRM and performance : what next?" 15 (15): 68-83, 2005

91 Aryee, S., "Exchange fairness and employee performance : An examination of the relationship between organisational politics and procedural justice" 94 : 1-14, 2004

92 Fornell, C., "Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error" 18 (18): 39-50, 1981

93 Ayupp, K., "Empowerment : Hotel employees’perspective" 3 (3): 561-575, 2010

94 Chi, C. G., "Employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and financial performance : An empirical examination" 28 : 245-253, 2009

95 Ismail, A., "Empirically testing the mediating effect of distributive justice in the relationship between adequacy of benefits and personal outcomes" 2 : 1-15, 2009

96 Christmann, P., "Effects of"Best practices"of environmental management on cost advantage : The role of complementary assets" 43 (43): 663-680, 2000

97 Cox, T. H., "Effects of ethnic group cultural differences on cooperative and competitive behaviour in a group task" 34 : 827-847, 1991

98 Sparrow, P., "Does national culture really matter? Predicting HRM preferences of Taiwanese employees" 20 (20): 26-56, 1998

99 Brewster, C., "Developing a ‘European’ model of human resource management" 4 (4): 765-784, 1993

100 Hofstede, G., "Culture’s consequences: International differences in work related values" Sage 1980

101 Hofstede, G., "Cultures and organizations : Software of the mind" McGraw-Hill 1991

102 Ross, D. N., "Culture as a context for multinational business : A framework for assessing the strategy-culture 'fit'" 7 (7): 13-19, 1999

103 Arvey, R., "Cross-cultural and cross-national issues in personnel and human resource management:Where do we go from here?" 9 : 367-407, 1991

104 Verburg, R. M., "Configurations of human resource management practices : A theoretical model and empirical test of internal fit" 18 (18): 184-208, 2007

105 Truss, C., "Complexities and controversies in linking HRM with organisational outcomes" 38 (38): 1121-1149, 2001

106 Gomez-Mejia, L. R., "Compensation strategies in a global context" 14 : 29-41, 1991

107 Hansson, B., "Company-based determinants of training and the impact of training on company performance : Results from an international HRM surve" 36 (36): 311-331, 2007

108 Boselie, P., "Commonalities and contradictions in HRM and performance research on human resource management and performance" 15 (15): 67-94, 2005

109 Kim, J., "Commitment to company and labour union : empirical evidence from South Korea" 17 (17): 673-692, 2006

110 Liao, Y., "Business strategy and performance : the role of human resource management control" 34 (34): 294-309, 2005

111 Long, R., "Best practice or best fit? High involvement management and base pay practices in Canadian and Austrian frims. Asia Pacific" 43 (43): 52-75, 2005

112 Fang, T., "Asian management research needs more selfconfidence : Reflection on Hofstede(2007)and beyond" 27 : 155-170, 2010

113 Alleyne, P., "Approaches to HRM in the Barbados hotel industry" 18 (18): 94-109, 2006

114 Budhwar, P. S., "An intergrative framework for understanding cross-national human resource management practice" 12 (12): 377-403, 2002

115 Huang, C. C., "An empirical analysis of the antecedents and performance consequences of using the moodle platform" 3 (3): 217-221, 2013

116 Taylor, M. S., "American managers in Japanese subsidiaries : How cultural differences are affecting the work place" 14 : 43-39, 1991

117 Tzafrir, S., "A universalistic perspective for explaining the relationship between HRM practices and firm performance at different points in time" 21 (21): 109-130, 2006

118 Greenberg, J., "A taxonomy of organizational justice theories" 12 : 9-22, 1987

119 Khatri, N., "A study of strategic HR issues in an Asian context" 31 (31): 166-188, 2002

120 Murphy, K. S., "A proposed research agenda for the refinement of the high performance work system construct in the U. S. restaurant industry" 8 (8): 99-116, 2007

121 Henseler, J., "A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling" 43 (43): 115-135, 2015

122 Jawahar, I. M., "A model of organisational justice and workplace aggression" 28 (28): 811-834, 2002

123 Sekaran, U., "A model for examining organizational effectiveness cross-culturally" 2 : 211-232, 1986

124 Gould-Williams, J., "A comparative study of the effects of ‘best practice’ HRM on worker outcomes in Malaysia and England local government" 21 (21): 653-675, 2010

125 Budhwar, P. S., "A comparative study of HRM practice in British and India" 12 (12): 800-826, 2001