애착, 심리적 독립, 정서지능에 따른 진로결정 자기효능감의 차이 = The Effects of Attachment, Psychological Independence and Emotional Intelligence on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of attachment, psychological independence and emotional intelligence on career decision-making self-efficacy. Data were collected from 354 Korean undergraduate students considering the time of career decision-making. The result showed significant positive correlations among attachment, emotional intelligence and career decision-making self-efficacy. However, correlation between psychological independence and career decision-making self-efficacy was not significant. Accordingly, psychological independence was excluded from analysis and Analysis of Factorial Design was conducted to examine the effects of level of attachment and level of emotional intelligence on career decision-making self-efficacy. The results indicated that the main effect of both the level of attachment and the level of emotional intelligence were significant. Those with high level of attachment had significantly higher career decision-making self-efficacy than those with low level of attachment. Those with high level of emotional intelligence also had significantly higher career decision-making self-efficacy than those with low level of emotional intelligence. However, there was no interaction effect between level of attachment and level of emotional intelligence on career decision-making self-efficacy. In the results, the importance of attachment was confirmed and the role of emotion in career decision-making self-efficacy was seen through emotional intelligence. However, an attempt to understand the reason for importance of attachment through emotional development was not supported. Based on these results, implications of the effects of attachment and emotional intelligence on career decision-making self-efficacy were discussed. Limitations of this study and the suggestions were offered for future research.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 부모에 대한 애착과 심리적 독립이 진로결정 과정에서 중요하게 다뤄지는 이유를 진로결정 자기효능감과의 관계 속에서 알아보고자 하였다. 특히 부모에 대한 애착과 심리적 독립이 정서발달과 관련된다는 점을 고려하여 이들의 상호작용이 진로결정 자기효능감에 미치는 영향을 확인해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 진로를 고민하고 선택하는 시기가 대학생 때임을 고려하여 대학생 354명을 대상으로 CDMSE-SF, IPPA, PSI, the Emotional Intelligence Scale을 실시하였다. 주요 변인들 간의 관계를 알아보기 위해 Pearson 상관분석을 실시하고 진로결정 자기효능감에 미치는 독립변인들의 영향을 알아보기 위해 이원변량분석을 실시하였다. 먼저 각 변인들의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과, 애착과 정서지능 그리고 진로결정 자기효능감은 서로 유의미한 상관을 보인 반면 심리적 독립은 정서지능 뿐 아니라 종속변인인 진로결정 자기효능감과 유의미한 상관을 보이지 않았다. 이를 바탕으로 부모에 대한 애착과 정서지능이 진로결정 자기효능감에 미치는 주효과와 부모에 대한 애착, 정서지능 간의 상호작용이 진로결정 자기효능감에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 애착과 정서지능을 각각 상, 하의 두 수준으로 나누고 수준에 따른 진로결정 자기효능감의 차이를 알아보았다. 그 결과, 애착 수준과 정서지능 수준의 높고 낮음에 따라 진로결정 자기효능감에 있어서 차이를 보였다. 그러나 애착 수준과 정서지능 수준의 상호작용효과는 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과, 애착의 질이 중요함을 재차 확인하였으나 애착이 왜 중요하게 다뤄지는지에 대한 원인을 정서 발달에서 찾으려 했던 가설은 지지되지 않았다. 그러나 정서적 영역을 통칭하는 개념인 정서지능을 통해 진로결정 자기효능감을 설명하는 중요한 변인으로써 정서의 역할을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해 진로 상담의 효과적인 개입에 대한 시사점과 본 연구의 제한점 및 후속 연구를 위한 제언에 대한 논의가 이루어졌다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "한국대학생의 진로결정수준에 영향을 미치는 가족변인과 개인변인에 관한 연구" 14 (14): 141-160, 2002

2 "청년기의 애착과 자아존중감 및 자기효능감의 관계" 4 (4): 88-106, 1997

3 "자아정체감과 독립성 및 애착 간의 관계" 1994

4 "자기효능감이 진로발달에 미치는 영향" 2001

5 "유아-부모의 애착유형과 유아의 정서지능과의 관계" (8) : 113-147, 2003

6 "여고생의 정서지능과 진로성숙도와의 관계" 2004

7 "애착이 진로태도성숙에 미치는 영향 -성취동기와 진로결정 자기효능감을 매개로- 연세대학교 석사학위논문" 2003

8 "애착 유형에 따른 자아존중감 사회적지지 및 또래 지위의 관계" 2003

9 "부모의 양육태도 및 심리적 독립과 진로의사결정유형의 관계" 2002

10 "부모에 대한 심리적 독립과 애착이 청소년의 진로태도성숙에 미치는 영향" 2002

11 "부모로부터의 독립과 대학 생활 적응과의 상관 연구" 1992

12 "대학생의 진로태도성숙 정도에 대한 예언변인으로서의 자기-효능감 효과검증에 대한 연구" 12 (12): 127-136, 2000

13 "대학생의 부모와의 심리적 독립과 진로결정 자기효능감의 관계" 16 (16): 1-18, 2003

14 "다재다능한 대학생을 위한 진로 집단상담 프로그램의 효과" 2001

15 "Widening the scope of cognitive therapy: The therapeutic relationship, emotion, and the process of change." Jason Aronson INC 1998

16 "What is emotional intelligence?" Basic Books 1996

17 "The role of peer relatedness in late adolescent career development" 54 : 279-295, 1999

18 "The relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and inventoried vocational interests" 42 : 302-312, 1994

19 "The relation of gender and academic achievement to career self-efficacy and interests" 37 (37): 59-64, 1993

20 "The inventory of parent and peer attachment:individual differences and their relationshil to psychological well-being in adolescence" 16 : 427-454, 1987

21 "The influence of psychological separation and parental attachment on the career development of adolescent women" 48 : 257-274, 1996

22 "The influence of psychological separation and parental attachment on the career choices and self-efficacy beliefs of adolescent women" Unpublished doctoral dissertation loyola university : 1992

23 "The Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Career Commitment and Decision- Making Process" 379-392, 2003

24 "Social Foundations of Thought and Action" Prentice-Hall 1986

25 "Separation/ attachment theory and career decidedness and commitment:Effects of parental divorce" 58 : 328-347, 2001

26 "Relationship between the identity formation process and career development" 36 : 196-202, 1989

27 "Psychology and adolescent attachment interviews:converging evidence for repressing strategies" 63 : 1473-1480, 1992

28 "Psychological separation of the adolescents from their parents" 5 : 170-178, 1984

29 "Perceiving affective content in ambiguous visual stimuli A component of emotional intelligence Journal of Personality Assessment" 772-781, 1990

30 "Patterns of career choice and career decision-making self-efficacy" 54 : 244-258, 1999

31 "Measuring emotional intelligence" 88 : 353-364, 2001

32 "Journal of Vocational Behavior" 347-382, 1987

33 "Internal working models in attachment relationships: A construct revised." 69-88, 1999

34 "Integrating affect and cognition:a perspective on therapeutic change" 8 : 559-578, 1984

35 "Family dysfunction, parental attachment,and career search self efficacy among community college students" 84-89, 1996

36 "Emotional Intelligence" Bantam Books 1995

37 "Emotion: an absent presence in career theory" 275-288, 1998

38 "Emotion in Psychotherapy" 1986

39 "Efficacy and outcome expectations influence career exploration and decidedness" 46 (46): 179-189, 1997

40 "Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence" 167-177, 1998

41 "Coping with career indecision Differences between four career choice type" in press 2005

42 "Contributions of psychological separation and parental attachment to the career development process Journal of Counseling Psychology" 39-50, 1991

43 "Comparison of three theoretically derived variables in predicting career and academic behavior Journal of Counseling Psychology" 293-298, 1987

44 "Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders" International Universities Press 1976

45 "Career self-efficacy in college students with disabilities Implications for secondary and post-secondary service providers" 1997

46 "Career commitment, competencies, and citizenship." 1998

47 "Attachment theory and career development current status and future directions" toronto : 1993

48 "Attachment styles and internal working models of self and relationship partners Knowledge structures in close relationships" 1996

49 "Attachment and emotional intelligence abilities across the life course" 37 : 129-145, 2004

50 "Applying emotional intelligence in the work place" 51 (51): 31-38, 1997

51 "Applications of self-efficacy theory to the understanding and treatment of career indecision" 22 : 63-81, 1983