바이칼레인(Baicalein)이 indomethacin으로 유발된 생쥐 Leydig세포의 일산화질소 생성에 미치는 영향 = Effect of Baicalein on Nitric Oxide Production of TM3 Mouse Leydig cells stimulated with indomethacin

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objectives : Baicalein (3,3′, 4′, 5, 6-pentahydroxyflavone), a type of flavonoid, is a well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredient found in Scutellaria baicalensis root. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of baicalein on nitric oxide (NO) production in TM3 mouse Leydig cells stimulated by indomethacin (IN).
Methods : TM3 cells were treated with IN (0.5 μM) and baicalein at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μM for 24 hr, 40 hr, 42 hr, 44 hr, and 64 hr. After treatments, cell viabilities were measured with the modified MTT assay. The production of nitric oxide in cells was measured by Griess reagent assay.
Results : Baicalein showed no cytotoxicity on IN-stimulated TM3. NO production in IN-stimulated TM3 treated for 24 hr with baicalein at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μM was 95.8%, 94.86%, 89.97%, and 81.52% of the control group treated with IN only, respectively; NO production for 40 hr was 97.34%, 97.34%, 95.15%, and 87.42%, respectively; NO production for 42 hr was 89.12%, 90.14%, 89.74%, and 90.26%, respectively; NO production for 44 hr was 83.83%, 84.94%, 85.65%, and 86.85%, respectively; NO production for 64 hr was 94.12%, 95.38%, 94.21%, and 94.12%, respectively. Specifically, baicalein at concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 have been shown to most efficiently inhibit NO productions in 48 hr of treatment.
Conclusions : Baicalein might have anti-toxicant effect on Leydig cells related with its inhibition of NO production in Leydig cells stimulated with IN.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박완수, "인간 간조직세포(HepG2 Cells)에 대한 한약조성물 KOCO-P1의 효과 연구" 대한본초학회 23 (23): 149-154, 2008

2 이지영, "발효 魚腥草 물추출물의 마우스 대식세포 항염활성 연구" 대한본초학회 25 (25): 27-34, 2010

3 Jones H, "Testosterone: a metabolic hormone in health and disease" 217 (217): R25-45, 2013

4 Peterson MD, "Testosterone deficiency, weakness, and multimorbidity in men" 8 (8): 5897-, 2018

5 Bianchi VE, "Testosterone a key factor in gender related metabolic syndrome" 19 (19): 557-575, 2018

6 Park BB, "Structure-Activity Relationships of Baicalein and its Analogs as Novel TSLP Inhibitors" 9 (9): 8762-, 2019

7 DH, "Rubi Fructus Water Extract Alleviates LPS-Stimulated Macrophage Activation via an ER Stress-Induced Calcium/CHOP Signaling Pathway" 12 (12): 3577-, 2020

8 Gao D., "Protection by baicalein against ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes" 90 : 103-114, 1995

9 Michibayashi T, "Platelet aggregating response to platelet activating factor participates in activation of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway in platelets from rabbits" 21 : 260-267, 2002

10 Svechnikov K, "Origin, development and regulation of human Leydig cells" 73 (73): 93-101, 2010

11 nee Pathak ND, "Nitric oxide : An autocrine regulator of Leydig cell steroidogenesis in the Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus" 158 (158): 161-167, 2008

12 박완수, "Lipopolysaccharide로 활성화된 마우스 대식세포에서 艾葉 물추출물의 면역활성 연구" 대한본초학회 24 (24): 151-157, 2009

13 Bai H, "Intra-articular Injection of Baicalein Inhibits Cartilage Catabolism and NLRP3Inflammasome Signaling in a Posttraumatic OA Model" 2021 : 6116890-, 2021

14 Wartenberg M., "Inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis and matrix-metalloproteinase expression in confrontation cultures of embryoid bodies and tumor spheroids by plant ingredients used in traditional chinese medicine" 83 : 87-98, 2003

15 Tsopka IC, "Hybrids as NO Donors" 22 (22): 9788-, 2021

16 Lue Y, "Functional role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the induction of male germ cell apoptosis, regulation of sperm number, and determination of testes size : evidence from null mutant mice" 144 (144): 3092-3100, 2003

17 Kimura Y., "Effects of flavonoids isolated from scutellariae radix on fibrinolytic system induced by trypsin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells" 60 : 598-601, 1997

18 Park WH, "Cytoprotective effect of Panax ginseng on gallic acid-induced toxicity in TM3 mouse Leydig cells" 78 (78): 577-579, 2007

19 Su X, "Cyclophilin D participates in the inhibitory effect of high-fat diet on the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein" 23 (23): 6859-6871, 2019

20 Hou YC, "Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors" 5 (5): 417-441, 1999

21 Kim HJ, "Berberine modulates hyper-inflammation in mouse macrophages stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid via calcium-CHOP/STAT pathway" 11 (11): 11298-, 2021

22 Liao JF, "Benzodiazepine binding site-interactive flavones from Scutellaria baicalensis root" 64 (64): 571-572, 1998

23 Yang Y, "Baicalein inhibits invasion and promotes apoptosis in glioma cells through the PI3K/Akt pathway" 26 (26): 395-401, 2021

24 Ren M, "Baicalein inhibits inflammatory response and promotes osteogenic activity in periodontal ligament cells challenged with lipopolysaccharides" 21 (21): 43-, 2021

25 Zandi K, "Baicalein and Baicalin Inhibit SARSCoV-2 RNA-Dependent-RNA Polymerase" 9 (9): 893-, 2021

26 Cai P, "Baicalein ameliorates osteoporosis via AKT/FOXO1 signaling" 13 (13): 17370-17379, 2021

27 Zhu Y, "Baicalein Protects Against Aspergillus fumigatus Keratitis by Reducing Fungal Load and Inhibiting TSLPInduced Inflammatory Response" 62 (62): 26-, 2021

28 He S, "Baicalein Potentiated M1 Macrophage Polarization in Cancer Through Targeting PI3Kγ/ NF-κB Signaling" 12 : 743837-, 2021

29 Chen M, "Baicalein Mediates Mitochondrial Autophagy via miR-30b and the NIX/BNIP3 Signaling Pathway in Parkinson's Disease" 2021 : 2319412-, 2021

30 Huang H. C., "Antiproliferative effect of baicalein, a flavonoid from a Chinese herb, on vascular smooth muscle cell" 251 : 91-93, 1994

31 Lee W, "Anti-inflammatory effects of Baicalin, Baicalein, and Wogonin in vitro and in vivo" 38 (38): 110-125, 2015

32 Fan GW, "Anti-inflammatory activity of baicalein in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via estrogen receptor and NF-κB-dependent pathways" 36 (36): 1584-1591, 2013

33 Kim YJ, "Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels Water Extract on RAW 264.7Induced with Lipopolysaccharide" 10 (10): 647-, 2018

34 Lee JY, "Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Wogonin on RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages Induced with Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid" 20 (20): 6888-6900, 2015

35 Kim YJ, "Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Baicalein on Polyinosinic⁻Polycytidylic Acid-Induced RAW 264.7Mouse Macrophages" 10 (10): 224-, 2018