동아시아사 교과서 서술 내용에 관한 제언 - 동아시아의 문자 ‘한자’를 중심으로 - = Korean History as East Asian History from the Perspective of Chinese Characters

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Chinese characters, Buddhism, Confucianism, and law codes are always mentioned as the common elements of East Asian culture. But in the East Asian History textbook for high-school students, there is no chapter on Chinese characters despite the fact that Chinese characters deeply influenced the cultures and writing systems in the East Asian countries of Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Chinese characters spread with Buddhism, Confucianism, and law codes. And they were a vehicle of these cultural elements and the main vehicle for reading and writing in East Asian countries before modern times.
Each of these three countries produceda unique writing system using Chinese characters, such as idu (吏讀) in Korea, kana (假名) in Japan,and chunom in Vietnam. Chinese characters have three aspects, form,sound, and meaning. Japan made simple syllabicscripts using the form.
But Vietnam made very difficult characters using the form, the sound,and the meaning of Chinese characters. But these characters were common in using the Chinese characters.
By some measures, Hunminjungeum (訓民正音) was devised as a phonetic alphabet for Chinese characters. It was very difficult for common people to learn Hunminjungeum easilybecauseHunminjungeum was written in Chinese and was described with phonological theory that was almost useless for ordinary life and that was above their comprehension. That Hunminjungeum was a subject for state examinations also shows that it was for the educated person. The background for devising Hunminjungeum was the foreign policy and the language policy of Joseon.
Words translated from European languages are still used extensively today, and these words shaped commonalities of culture and language among Asian countries. In particular, words translated in Japan during the Meiji period, such as “philosophy” (哲學), “religion” (宗敎), “society”(社會), “individual” (個人), and others, flowed into Korea.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 정다함, "麗末鮮初의 동아시아 질서와 朝鮮에서의 漢語, 漢吏文, 訓民正音" 고려사학회 (36) : 269-305, 2009

2 강길운, "훈민정음창제의 당초목적에 대하여" (55-57) : 1-21, 1972

3 쩌우티투튀, "한국어와 베트남어의 음운론적 대조 연구" 영남대학교 대학원 2011

4 마숙향, "중세한국한자음에 반영된 중고한음의 개음" 이화여자대학교 2003

5 이근우, "왕인의 『천자문』『논어』일본 전수설 재검토" 역사문제연구소 69 (69): 191-217, 2004

6 김민수, "신국어학사" 일조각 1984

7 이숭녕, "세종의 언어정책에 관한 연구-특히 운서 편찬과 훈민정음 제정과의 관계를 중심으로 하여" (1-2) : 29-83, 1958

8 찐 칵 마인, "베트남 쯔놈(Chu Nom: 字喃)과 베트남에서 쯔놈 문헌의 보관과 연구" 규장각한국학연구원 (34) : 89-102, 2009

9 야나부 아키라, "번역어성립사정" 일빛 2003

10 마루야마 마사오, "번역과 일본의 근대" 이산 2000

11 한형조, "동양철학은 왜 이리 어려운가? 어디로 길을 뚫어야 할까?" 한국학중앙연구원 26 (26): 53-80, 2003

12 라이샤워·페어뱅크, "동양문화사 상" 을유문화사 1964

13 이동림, "동국정운 초성 자모 23자의 책정과 그 해석" 23 : 1990

14 윤용구, "낙랑 대방지역 신발견 문자자료와 연구동향" 한국고대사학회 (57) : 49-79, 2010

15 노중국, "금석문 목간 자료를 활용한 한국고대사 연구 과제와 몇 가지 재해석" 한국고대사학회 (57) : 5-44, 2010

16 이경구, "개념의 번역과 창조" 돌베개 2012

17 한국고대사연구소, "譯註韓國古代金石文 1-3" 가락국사적개발연구원 1992

18 高島俊男, "漢字と日本人" 文藝春秋 2001

19 葛城末治, "朝鮮金石總覽" 朝鮮總督府 1919

20 "朝鮮王朝實錄"

21 西嶋定生, "日本歷史の國際環境" 東京大學出版會 1985

22 이근우, "日本書紀에 보이는 五經博士와 吳音" 일본사학회 (31) : 5-31, 2010

23 沖森卓也, "日本古代の文字と表記" 吉川弘文館 2009

24 조세현, "『萬國公法』에 나타난 해양관련 국제법" 부산경남사학회 (80) : 111-144, 2011

25 김희경, "A Comparative Study of the Lexicon of Chinese Character in East Asia : For the lexicon of Chinese Character of Japanese(JC), Vietnamese(VC) and Korean(KC)" 이중언어학회 (38) : 149-184, 2008

26 이예지, "1880년대 天津海關을 통해 본 朝淸 관계" 부경대학교 대학원 2012