권정생 서사문학 연구 : '시련'을 중심으로 = (The) study on literature of Kwon Jung-saeng : focused on 'A Hardships'

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Gwon Jeong-saeng is one of the fairy tale writers to represent Korea, devoting his life to a massive amount of works including long-length fairy tales, novels, collections of short-length fairy tales, collections of poetry, and collections of essays till 2005 when he passed away at the age of 79. He claims such significant importance in the history of children's literature that a paper was recently published on the entire research history of his children's literature.
He debuted in the literary circle with Puppy Poops in 1969, usually wrote short-length fairy tales till the 1970s, and created long-length fairy tales and novels in the 1980s and 1990s. He made superficial and symbolic approaches toward hardship through identity realization in his early short-length fairy tales, expanded his perceptions of hardship and presented a broad range of hardship materials in his middle long-length fairy tales, and pursued everyday peace and hardly revealed hardship in his prevailing childhood fairy tales after 2000.
In his works except for his childhood fairy tales, the hardship motif always plays a major function. Thus this study set out to identify the causes and subjects of hardship to understand his works and examine how hardship was dealt with through hardship characteristics.
In his works, the major causes of hardship either fall into the category of social and historical hardship such as war, separation, poverty, and social evil practices or the category of personal and fate hardship such as disabilities, diseases, and orphanage. Those kinds of hardship are revealed in continuous and strong ways. The subjects of hardship are either children that are forced to labor after losing play or grown-ups that are marginal figures outside the mainstream. They are characterized by their attempts to sacrifice themselves as seeks after truth based on their religious faith or make maternal sacrifices for the love of life. The main characteristics resist, conform, or get frustrated, reacting to hardship. While those who actively face hardship directly criticize the world, those who conform to hardship or get frustrated with it ironically disclose the oppression of the world.
It was a dominant opinion that hardship was a pattern of conflict between the world and ego or a hurdle for the protagonist to overcome and thus growth in literary works. In Gwon's works, however, hardship is not for the rite of passage or growth but is continuous and strong, followed by the protagonist's sacrifice, and contains a criticism of the world.
Gwon had his protagonists realize their identity and explore their roles as the socially weak through hardship, place importance on sacrifice and sense of responsibility while searching for relationships between the community and them, and develop subject consciousness and community spirit, growing out of prevalent ideologies in the world in a hardship process.
Gwon's works have connections to the tragedy of legends, in which ego gets frustrated in its battle against the world according to the tradition of oral narrative. Compared with the legend of Baby Traders, they contain popular consciousness of going through frustrations due to hardship and yet still keeping hopes for the world. Compared with the realism-based writers in the history of children's literature such as Bang Jeong-hwan, Ma Hae-song, and Lee Won-su, Gwon shares similarities with them in that he presented the socially weak as his protagonists to criticize and satirize social reality. At the same time, however, he was different from them in that he presented grown-up as the subjects of hardship in his children's works and treated war, poverty, disabilities and diseases as more suppressive and primitive causes of hardship in the life of the public. He is also differentiated from them in that he had his characteristics develop a community spirit through sacrifices as seeks after truth and maternal sacrifices as a means of overcoming hardship.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구 목적 1
• 2. 연구사 검토 5
• 3. 연구 방법 14
• Ⅱ. 시기별 작품의 경향: 시련을 중심으로 17
• 1. 초기: 정체성 모색과 시련의 탐색 18
• 2. 중기: 인식의 확대와 시련의 확장 23
• 3. 후기: 일상의 평화와 시련의 축소 31
• Ⅲ. 시련의 양상과 특징 35
• 1. 시련의 원인과 폭압적 면모 35
• 1) 사회역사적 시련 39
• 2) 개인운명적 시련 47
• 3) 지속적이고도 강고한 시련 58
• 2. 시련 주체의 소외성과 희생성 64
• 1) 놀이를 잃은 어린이와 주변인화한 어른 69
• 2) 구도자적 희생과 모성적 희생 74
• 3. 시련의 대응방식과 비판적 면모 85
• 1) 시련에 대항 순응 좌절하기 85
• 2) 세계에 대한 비판과 반어적 폭로 93
• Ⅵ. 시련을 통해 드러난 작가의식 97
• 1. 정체성의 자각과 역할의 탐색 97
• 1) 사회적 약자로서 정체성의 자각 97
• 2) 사회적 소외자로서의 역할 탐색 99
• 2. 자기와 공동체의 관계 모색 103
• 1) 자기 희생의 강조 104
• 2) 책임 의식의 표출 107
• 3. 탈이데올로기의 추구 109
• 1) 남북이데올로기의 탈피와 주체의식의 부각 109
• 2) 가족이데올로기의 약화와 공동체의식의 강조 113
• Ⅴ. 권정생 서사문학의 문학사적 위상 117
• 1. 구비 전통에서 권정생의 서사문학 118
• 2. 리얼리즘 계열에서 권정생의 서사문학 121
• Ⅵ. 결론 129
• 참고문헌 131