This study was conducted to provide basic data for food safety service in hotel kitchens and suggest implications by examining structural relations and cognitive differences among food safety climate, job stress, job satisfaction, and job commitment a...
This study was conducted to provide basic data for food safety service in hotel kitchens and suggest implications by examining structural relations and cognitive differences among food safety climate, job stress, job satisfaction, and job commitment as perceived by hotel kitchen employees. The analysis particularly focused on the differences according to the application HACCP system. For this study, a survey targeting 504 deluxe hotel kitchen employees in Seoul and Incheon was carried out, and the data collected were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 23.0 statistical package. The results are as follows.
First, in relation to the differences in job stress, job satisfaction, and job commitment of kitchen employees depending on the application of HACCP system, five sub-factors of job stress - job demand, working relation within organization, system of organization, lack of job autonomy and job instability - and two sub-factors of job satisfaction - internal satisfaction and external satisfaction - were perceived higher in the hotel kitchens with HACCP system than in those without. However, job commitment was perceived higher in hotel kitchens without HACCP system.
Second, in regard to the differences in food safety climate in organizations depending on the application of HACCP system and the number of hygiene education, kitchen employees with longer experience had higher risk awareness of food safety climate and stronger commitment; while those with higher income had higher perception of risk awareness and resources; and those with a higher level of education had a higher perception of leadership and responsibility.
In terms of the differences in food safety climate depending on the application of HACCP system, the perception of food safety climate was higher in the hotel kitchens with HACCP system than in those without. Also, employees who receive regular hygiene education more than three to five times a year had a higher perception of food safety climate.
Third, as a result of analyzing the structural relations of how food safety climate of kitchen employees influences job stress, job satisfaction and job commitment, leadership and communication, a factor of food safety climate as perceived by kitchen employees, had a negative influence, whereas resource had a positive influence.
As for job satisfaction, leadership, commitment, and communication had a positive influence, while risk awareness and resources had a negative influence. For job commitment, leadership and resources had a positive influence, while communication had a negative influence. Job stress of kitchen employees had a negative influence on job commitment while job satisfaction had a strong positive influence. This shows that high job satisfaction leads to a high job commitment.
Fourth, as a result of analyzing the moderating effect of food safety climate as perceived by the kitchen employees by the application of HACCP system on job stress, job satisfaction and job commitment, kitchen employees working in hotels with HACCP system were influenced more in job satisfaction through communication, job commitment through resources and communication, and job commitment through job stress than those in hotels without HACCP system.
Especially, in the hotel kitchens with HACCP, communication about food safety had a positive influence on job satisfaction but had a negative influence on job commitment.
These study results could serve as basic data of internal marketing for hotel kitchen employees in providing safe food. Based on the results, a rational operation of the hygiene system and an introduction to the food safety climate as perceived by the kitchen employees in a positive direction, can be contributed to providing safe food at the hotel.
Key word: Food Safery Climate, Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, Job Commitment, Kitchen Employee