반추가 분노에 미치는 영향 = Effect of Rumination on Anger Mood

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was carried out to examine the effects of rumination and its focusing on anger. In experiment 1, experimenter asked participants to write an essay about a particular topic and gave them negative feedback. Rumination was manipulated by requiring participants to repeatedly think about negative feedback. The results indicated that participants who ruminated following the angry mood induction exhibited an increase in angry mood. Experiment 2, 3 were carried out to examine the effects of cause-focused rumination versus emotion-focused rumination on angry mood. The results indicated that emotion-focused rumination group exhibited an increase in angry mood than cause-focused rumination group. The results indicated that emotion-focused rumination group exhibited an increase in angry mood than cause-focused rumination group. Finally, the implications of this study and the suggestions for future studies were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 반추사고와 반추초점이 분노에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 실험 1에서는 부정적 피드백 절차로 반추사고 효과를 검증하였다. 참가자들에게 특정 주제에 대해 에세이를 작성하도록 하고 부정적 평가를 제시하여 분노를 유발시킨 후에 반추하도록 하였다. 그 결과 반추집단은 통제집단보다 분노기분을 많이 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 실험 2에서는 실험 1과 동일한 절차로 반추초점 효과를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 정서반추 집단은 원인반추 집단보다 분노기분을 많이 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 실험 3에서는 시나리오 절차로 반추초점 효과를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 정서반추 집단은 원인반추 집단보다 분노기분을 많이 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과들은 반추가 분노를 유지시킬 수 있으며 반추초점에 따라 분노에 다른 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 나타낸다. 이러한 사실은 본 연구가 분노 조절에 유익한 정보들을 제공해 주며 이러한 정보들이 분노 조절을 위한 중재에 도움을 줄 수 있음을 시사한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 서수균, "한국판 언어성 분노행동 척도의 타당화 연구" 한국임상심리학회 26 (26): 239-250, 2007

2 조현춘, "한국판 분노행동척도의 타당화 연구" 한국상담심리학회 19 (19): 489-503, 2007

3 이근배, "한국판 분노반추척도의 타당화 연구" 한국정서·행동장애아교육학회 24 (24): 1-22, 2008

4 김의중, "정상 고교생 및 대학생을 대상으로 한 기분상태척도(POMS)의 신뢰도와 타당도 평가" 충북대학교 2001

5 윤재량, "운동강도에 따른 달리기 운동이 호르몬 반응 및 무드 변화에 미치는 영향" 서울대학교 1993

6 서수균, "분노와 관련된 인지적 요인과 그 치료적 함의" 서울대학교 2004

7 김교헌, "분노 억제와 고혈압" 5 (5): 181-192, 2000

8 이경순, "분노 억제 경향과 문제해결이 분노정서와 혈압에 미치는 효과" 충남대학교 1999

9 신윤희, "노인의 기분측정을 위한 도구(Profile of Mood States, POMS)의 타당화에 관한 연구" 26 (26): 743-758, 1996

10 Ekman, P., "Unmasking the face" Prentice Hall 1975

11 Fritz, H. L, "The role of rumination in adjustment to a first coronary event" 60 (60): 0410-, 1999

12 Nolen-Hoeksema,S, "The other end of the continuum: The costs of rumination" 9 (9): 216-219, 1998

13 Hunt,M.G, "The only way out is through: Emotional processing and recovery after a depressing life event" 36 (36): 361-384, 1998

14 Frijda,N, "The emotions" Cambridge University Press 1986

15 Thomsen,D.K, "The association between rumination and negative affect: A review" 20 (20): 1216-1235, 2006

16 Thomsen,D.K, "Studies on the associations between rumination, negative affect and health-related measures" University of Aarhus 2003

17 Averill,J.R, "Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theories of emotion" 38 (38): 1145-1160, 1983

18 Lyubomirsky, S., "Self-perpetuating properties of dysphoric rumination" 65 (65): 339-349, 1993

19 Treynor, W., "Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis" 27 (27): 247-259, 2003

20 Watkins, E., "Rumination and social problem-solving in depression" 40 (40): 1179-1189, 2002

21 Papageorgiou, C., "Rumination and depression: Advances in theory and research" 27 (27): 243-245, 2003

22 Nolen-Hoeksema,S, "Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes" 100 (100): 569-582, 1991

23 Rusting, C. L., "Regulating responses to anger: Effects of rumination and distraction on angry mood" 74 (74): 790-803, 1998

24 Larsen, R. J., "Promises and problems with the circumplex model of emotion, In Review of Personality and Social Psychology: Emotion" Sage 25-59, 1992

25 McNair, D. M., "Profile of mood states Manual" Educational and Industrial Testing Service 1992

26 Trapnell, P. D., "Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection" 76 (76): 284-304, 1999

27 Bower,G.H, "Mood congruity of social judgments, In Emotion and social judgments" Pergamon Press 1991

28 Bower, G. H, "Mood and Memory" 36 (36): 129-148, 1981

29 Izard,C.E, "Human emotions" Plenum Press 1977

30 Ekman, P., "Facial signs of emotional experience" 39 (39): 1125-1134, 1980

31 DiGiuseppe,R, "End piece: Reflections on the treatment of anger" 55 (55): 365-379, 1999

32 Teasdale,J.D, "Emotional processing, three modes of mind and the prevention of relapse in depression" 37 (37): S53-S77, 1999

33 Lyubomirsky, S., "Effects of self-focused rumination on negative thinking and interpersonal problem solving" 69 (69): 176-190, 1995

34 Nolen-Hoeksema, S., "Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood" 7 (7): 561-570, 1993

35 Morrow, J., "Effects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect" 58 (58): 519-527, 1990

36 Sukhodolsky, D. G., "Development and validation of the anger rumination scale" 31 (31): 689-700, 2001

37 Clark, D. M., "Constraints on the effects of mood on memory" 48 (48): 1595-1608, 1985

38 Howells,K, "Cognitive-behavioural therapy for anger, aggression and violence, In Complex cases in cognitive-behavioural therapy" Wiley 1998

39 Nolen-Hoeksema,S, "Chewing the cud and other ruminations, In Ruminative thoughts: Advances in social cognition Vol. 9" Lawrence Erlbaum 135-144, 1996

40 Keltner, D., "Beyond simple pessimism: Effects of sadness and anger on social perception" 64 (64): 740-752, 1993

41 Maxwell, J. P., "Anger rumination in Hong Kong and Great Britain: Validation of the scale and a cross-cultural comparison" 39 (39): 1147-1157, 2005

42 Kassinove, H., "Anger management: The complete treatment guidebook for practitioners" Impact 2002

43 Kassinove,H, "Anger disorders: Definition, diagnosis, and treatment" Taylor and Francis 1995

44 Averill,J.R, "Anger and aggression: An essay on emotion" Springer-Verlag 1982

45 Tomkins,S.S, "Affect, imagery, and consciousness: Vol. 2. The negative affects" Springer-Verlag 1963

46 Tomkins,S.S, "Affect, imagery, and consciousness: Vol. 1. The positive affects" Springer-Verlag 1962

47 Watkins, E., "Adaptive and maladaptive self-focus in depression" 82 (82): 1-8, 2004

48 Watkins,E, "Adaptive and maladaptive ruminative self-focus during emotional processing" 42 (42): 1037-1052, 2004

49 Russell, J. A, "A circumplex model of affect" 39 (39): 1161-1178, 1980