WHO technical report series . 892 , WHO Expert Committee on Malaria : twentieth report

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• 1. Introduction = 1
• 2. Current global malaria situation = 3
• 3. Implementation status of the Global Malaria Control Strategy = 7
• 3.1 Provision of early diagnosis and prompt treatment = 7
• 3.2 Implementation of selective and sustainable preventive measures = 9
• 3.2.1 Vector control = 9
• 3.2.2 Environmental management = 10
• 3.2.3 Biological control : use of larvivorous fish = 10
• 3.2.4 Chemoprophylaxis = 10
• 3.3 Early detection, containment or prevention of malaria epidemics = 11
• 3.4 Capacity building = 11
• 3.5 Prevention of the re­emergence of malaria = 12
• 4. Relationship of malaria control programmes to health sector reforms = 12
• 4.1 Decentralization of the health system = 13
• 4.2 Health­care financing reforms = 14
• 4.3 Increased partnership with communities and the private sector = 16
• 5. Disease management = 16
• 5.1 Management of uncomplicated malaria = 17
• 5.1.1 Diagnosis = 18
• 5.1.2 Availability and quality of treatment = 24
• 5.2 Management of severe malaria at the periphery = 25
• 6. Drug resistance of malaria parasites = 27
• 6.1 Monitoring of drug resistance = 27
• 6.1.1 Monitoring of therapeutic efficacy = 27
• 6.1.2 In vitro susceptibility testing = 29
• 6.1.3 Surveillance­based molecular markers of drug resistance = 29
• 6.2 International monitoring of the drug response of P. falciparum = 30
• 6.3 Antimalarial treatment policy = 30
• 6.4 Containment of parasite drug resistance = 31
• 7. Malaria epidemics : prediction, preparedness and control = 32
• 7.1 Epidemic risk and epidemic­prone areas = 32
• 7.2 Epidemic preparedness, prediction and prevention of epidemics = 33
• 7.3 Epidemiological information systems = 34
• 7.4 Epidemic response = 35
• 7.5 Post­epidemic action = 37
• 8. Prevention of malaria = 37
• 8.1 Selective vector control = 37
• 8.1.1 Indoor residual spraying = 38
• 8.1.2 Use of DDT in malaria control = 38
• 8.1.3 Use of insecticide­treated materials = 39
• 8.1.4 Management of malaria in development projects = 40
• 8.1.5 New developments in Africa = 41
• 8.1.6 Use of gametocytocidal drugs = 42
• 8.2 Chemoprophylaxis = 42
• 8.2.1 Chemoprophylaxis among non­immune people visiting endemic areas = 42
• 8.2.2 Prevention of malaria in pregnancy = 42
• 8.3 Malaria vaccines and basic research = 44
• 8.4 Trends in insecticide resistance = 44
• 8.5 Cost­effectiveness of preventive measures = 46
• 9. Information systems and operational research = 46
• 9.1 Epidemiological indicators = 46
• 9.1.1 Standardized case definitions = 46
• 9.1.2 Indicators = 48
• 9.2 Operational research = 50
• 9.2.1 National programme capabilities for operational research = 51
• 9.2.2 Constraints on operational research = 51
• 9.2.3 Addressing the constraints = 52
• 9.2.4 Priority areas for operational research related to programme objectives and policy = 53
• 10. Award of the Darling Medal and Prize = 55
• 11. Roll Back Malaria = 56
• 12. Conclusions and recommendations = 57
• 12.1 Conclusions = 57
• 12.2 Recommendations = 59
• 12.2.1 General recommendation = 59
• 12.2.2 Relationship of malaria control programmes with changing health sector reforms = 59
• 12.2.3 Disease management = 60
• 12.2.4 Drug resistance = 60
• 12.2.5 Operational systems and operational research = 61
• 12.2.6 Malaria in pregnancy = 61
• 12.2.7 Vector control = 62
• 12.2.8 DDT = 63
• 12.2.9 Epidemics = 63
• Acknowledgements = 64
• References = 65
• Annex 1 : Use of DDT in vector control = 69
• Annex 2 : Improving information exchange = 71