일본근대문학의 그리스도교 수용과 전개 = Reception and Development of Christianity in Japanese Modern Literature

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The influence of Christian religion to Japanese modern literature is seen from the Meiji dynasty, But we can not help be disappointed about the influence. Until late 20th century, the Christian religion literature which was accepted as the thought of Christianity, could not escape from an immature stage. Starting with Tokoku and Toson, it was the same as the situation to the writers of socialism, the Minyusha group, the Shirakaba group and naturalism. Christian religion was not giving them the power to live ultimately. And the relation of Christian religion and the writers has succeeded to Catholicism literature R. Akutagawa → T.Fori → S. Endo, and Protestantism literature R. Akutagawa → O. Dazai → R. Shiina.
In the case of R. Akutagawa, it was not in the Christian Dogma, the church as a system or believer's behavior that he thought important. He discovered that the origin of the human existence itself, and the appearance of the suffering which carries 'Worldwide pain' itself at the existence to be called Christ. As he wrote in "The Western Man", 'I began to pay attention to Jesus Christ who is not only from the people of the path, but also from modern people looking back.' His confession is connected here deeply.
Dazai read The Bible and he enlarged the consciousness of sin and resisted consciousness about impurity. The motive which Dazai read The Bible, was to throw away the thought of communism. It was for him filling the blanks of spiritually up due to the guiltiness of society. In any difficult situation, Dazai touched strongly upon the one spirit of the human, K.Uchimura, who overcame life to the support of his incompatibilities. He confessed that he entered, by foot, into the world of the faith and he was fascinated more with The Bible because he did the love of reading The Bible. After this, The Bible was melted and entered his works as the manual of life and ethics. It became civilized as the ethics to resist and to criticize the period.
R.Shiina entered Christianity faith finally by influence of the Dostoevsky's literature that treated the problem of God in Christian religion. According to his trace of the spirit, Shiina's works are divided into three parts. First, the time to keep himself in existence as to fight hard with the despair and the nothingness. Namely, the works of the time which is groping for God. Second, the works of the time which reaches Christian religion faith. Third, the works of his later years which is subjected to the problem on freedom of the human, with he to fight against the heart disease of paroxysm. The works and life of Shiina as a whole, we can say, was walking to pursue the freedom and the problem of God that rescues the human.
The problem of the authentication which the West differs from the East in "The Sea and Poison" by S.Endo is progressed as the problem of East reception of Christian religion and as the subject to be a motherhood faith in "The Silence". Via "The Edge of the Dead Sea", it is developed as a universal Jesus who 'a companion Jesus' to orientals. As it is reached "The Warrior", it presented a typical model of Christian religion of reception to the Japanese. In "Deep River", it is passed over the range of the religion and progress for an origin problem, a reality of the human and solution for existence. Since a visit to Japanese shores by Admiral Perry, a course of reception of a non critical though of Western Europe had happened. Endo's literature reflects constructive resolutions about a traditional thought of Japan and complicated problems which have agonized the solution in Japanese modern history.