This study applied GRU and LSTM models to predict ion flux in Bernas-type ion implantation systems using 14 ion source variables. While TPE-based Bayesian Optimization explored hyperparameters, its sensitivity to initial conditions leads to inconsiste...
This study applied GRU and LSTM models to predict ion flux in Bernas-type ion implantation systems using 14 ion source variables. While TPE-based Bayesian Optimization explored hyperparameters, its sensitivity to initial conditions leads to inconsistent results. We proposed a Gradient Consistency-based window size selection to address this limitation. Performance evaluation using MSE, MAE, and RSD showed that the GRU model achieved better stability: validation MSE RSD decreased from 70.3% (TPE) to 57.0% (Gradient Consistency-based), and test MAE improved from 35.5% to 31.7%. This approach provides a new criterion for ensuring consistency in high-precision equipment operation.