리더십이 직무스트레스와 조직유효성에 미치는 영향 = (The) impact of leadership on job stress and organizational effectiveness

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 리더십이 직무스트레스와 조직유효성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 것이다. 특히, 본 연구는 리더십이 조직유효성에 영향을 미치는데 있어서 직무스트레스의 매개역할을 조사하였다.
본 연구의 목적달성을 위해서 가설을 설정하고 연구모델을 구성하였으며 선행연구에 기반한 가설을 입증하였다. 제안된 연구모형을 보면 감성리더십은 선행변수로서 조직행동의 결과변수인 조직시민행동, 조직몰입 및 이직의도에 영향을 미치며, 이 과정에 직무스트레스가 매개변수로 사용된다는 것이다.
본 연구를 위해서 필요한 자료의 수집은 설문지 진단 조사로 실시하였다. 총 680부의 설문지를 각 기업체의 교육기관에 입소한 직원을 중심으로 배포하여 449부의 유의미한 자료가 연구에 사용되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 12.0과 LISREL 8.72를 사용하여 통계분석 하였다.
가설검증을 위해서는 구조방정식 모델이 사용되었다. 제안된 가설에 대한 모델 검증에 의하면, 가설 11개중 9개가 지지되었으며, 특히 직무스트레스가 매개변수로 작용하였음을 알수 있었다.
구조방정식 모델에서 감성리더십은 직무스트레스와 부(-)적 영향관계가 있다고 나타났다. 직무스트레스는 애착몰입에는 부(-)적인 영향관계를 나타냈으며, 근속몰입과는 유의한 관계를 나타내지 않았다. 직무스트레스는 이직의도와는 정(+)적인 영향관계를 나타냈으며, 직무스트레스는 조직을 위한 조직시민행동에는 부(-)적인 영향관계를, 조직구성원을 위한 조직시민행동에도 부(-)적인 영향관계를 나타내었다. 직무스트레스는 감성리더십이 애착몰입에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는데에 부분매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 감성리더십이 근속몰입에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는데에 직무스트레스의 매개효과는 통계적으로 유의한 결과가 나타나지 않았다. 감성리더십이 이직의도에 정(-)의 영향을 미치는데에 직무스트레스는 부분매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 감성리더십이 조직을 위한 조직시민행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는데에 직무스트레스가 부분매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 리더십이 조직구성원을 위한 조직시민행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는데에도 직무스트레스가 부분매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.
그러므로, 감성리더십은 조직유효성에 영향을 미치며 이의 관계에서 직무스트레스가 대체로 매개변수로 작용함을 알 수 있다.
향후의 연구에 있어서 다음과 같이 몇 가지 관련된 시사점을 찾을 수 있다.
첫째, 감성리더십은 직무스트레스를 낮추는데 유효하므로 리더는 감성리더십의 중요성을 잘 이해하고, 조직구성원들에게 감성리더십을 잘 발휘할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 직무스트레스가 낮으면 조직몰입 및 조직시민행동이 높아지는 결과를 알 수 있으며, 직무스트레스가 낮으면 이직의도를 감소시킨다. 그러므로, 직무스트레스를 이해하고 부하직원들의 어려움을 함께하는 리더의 자세가 필요하다. 셋째, 리더는 조직구성원들에게 조직에 유효한 행동 즉, 조직몰입, 조직시민행동 등을 장려하는 여건과 분위기를 만들도록 힘써야 한다. 이렇게 조직에 대한 긍정적인 자세를 갖도록 하는 것은 조직생산성을 높이고 조직의 발전과 미래에 도움을 줄 것이다.
향후연구방향으로는, 직무스트레스에 영향을 주는 주요한 다른 변수를 찾아서 추가로 검증하고 분석하는 것이 요구된다. 예를 들어, LMX 및 서번트리더십 등을 독립변수로하여 직무스트레스에 대한 관련성을 분석하면 감성리더십과 어떤 차이를 나타내는지 비교하는 것도 리더십 연구에 좋은 시사점을 제공할 것이다. 또한, 의사결정 및 창조적 역량과 같은 매개변수 등을 추가하여 리더십이 얼마나 조직유효성에 영향을 미치는지 등에 대하여 더욱 다양하고, 구체화된 연구가 필요할 것이다. 향후의 연구를 위해서 전술한 분석이 미래연구에 계속 진행될 때에, 기업경영에서 리더십에 대한 충분한 발휘에 대한 시사점과 유용한 조직성과를 거둘 수 있을 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of leadership on job stress and organizational effectiveness. Especially, this study examined job stress as a mediator on the relationships between the leadership and organizational effectiveness.
In order to attain the objectives of this study, a model was established and hypotheses were verified on the basis of preceding studies.
In a model proposed for this study, emotional leadership was used as antecedent to job stress while organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment and turnover intention were used as consequences for it.
To achieve above mentioned purpose, data were collected by using a set of questionnaires. So the total of 680 questionnaires were distributed to the employees for business in the company. Only 449 ones used for this research. Collected data were analysed using SPSS 12.0 and LISREL 8.72.
To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling(SEM) was employed. The model almost showed adequate fit to the data. 9 of 11 hypotheses were proved as expected. Particularly, the results of this study showed the importance of job stress as a mediator.
The results of structural model exhibit that emotional leadership was negatively related to job stress. And it was also found that job stress was positively related to turnover intention. it was negatively related to organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors. Especially, it showed job stress as a mediator on the relationships between the leadership and organizational effectiveness.
It is thought that following matters should be addressed in any future study.
It is required to verify and analyze various main factor affecting job stress through an in-depth review of preceding studies. And it will be necessary to conduct a more specific study on the relation between leadership and job stress as a decision making and creative thinking capability. It is though that when the said analysis is done in the future study, it will enable us to have a full understanding of leadership and useful suggestions in management.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1 장 서 론 1
• 제 1 절 문제제기 1
• 제 2 절 연구의 목적 3
• 제 3 절 연구의 범위 및 논문의 구성 4
• 제 2 장 이론적 배경 6
• 제 1 절 감성리더십 6
• 제 2 절 직무스트레스 18
• 제 3 절 조직유효성 27
• 1. 조직시민행동 27
• 2. 조직몰입 33
• 3. 이직의도 38
• 제 3 장 연구설계 42
• 제 1 절 연구모델 42
• 제 2 절 연구가설 43
• 1. 리더십과 직무스트레스 43
• 2. 직무스트레스와 조직유효성 45
• 3. 리더십과 조직유효성간의 관계에서 직무스트레스의 매개역할 48
• 제 3 절 변수의 조작적 정의 및 측정 51
• 1. 감성리더십 51
• 2. 직무스트레스 52
• 3. 조직몰입 52
• 4. 이직의도 53
• 5. 조직시민행동 53
• 제 4 절 자료의 수집 및 분석방법 54
• 1. 설문지의 구성 54
• 2. 자료의 수집 및 분석방법 54
• 제 4 장 실증연구결과 56
• 제 1 절 기초통계분석 56
• 1. 기초통계분석 56
• 제 2 절 신뢰도와 타당도 검증 59
• 1. 신뢰성과 타당성 분석 59
• 제 3 절 가설 검증 66
• 1. 연구모델의 검증 66
• 2. 가설 검증 67
• 제 5 장 결 론 73
• 제 1 절 연구결과의 요약 73
• 제 2 절 연구결과의 시사점 77
• 제 3 절 연구의 한계점 및 연구방향 80
• 참 고 문 헌 84
• ABSTRACT 109

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