The Environment after Rio : international law and economics

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Foreword = xi
• Contributors = xiii
• List of Abbreviations = xv
• Part One : The Rio Conference between Policy and Law
• 1. The Road to Rio : The Development of Negotiations / Andronico O. Adede = 3
• 1. Introduction = 3
• 2. The Contributions of the Pre-UNCED Meetings = 4
• 3. The Negotiation of Resolution 44/228 Convening UNCED = 7
• 4. The "Standards of Review" for the Conference and the Mandates of the Working Groups of the Preparatory Committee = 8
• 5. Streamlining Negotiations towards Concrete Results : The Concepot of Agenda 21 Introduced = 10
• 6. Agenda 21 Stuctured = 10
• 7. The Landmark Instruments = 11
• 8. Conclusions = 12
• Annex = 13
• 2. The Role of the United States / Scott A. Hajost = 15
• 1. Introduction = 15
• 2. New Regime = 16
• 3. From Leader to Laggard ― Stockholm to Rio = 16
• 4. U.S. Participation in the Rio Process = 17
• 5. U.S. Action after Rio = 20
• 3. The Role of the European Communities / Margaret Brusasco-Mackenzie = 23
• 1. Introduction = 23
• 2. The EC Responsibility = 24
• 3. The EC Response = 25
• 4. Conclusions = 31
• 4. The Role of the Developing Countries / Chris K. Mensah = 33
• 1. Introduction = 33
• 2. The Need for New Agreements = 34
• 3. Strategic Considerations of the South = 36
• 4. What Was at Stake at the Earth Summit = 39
• 5. Legal Issues = 40
• 6. Conclusions = 52
• Part Two : The Declarations and the Conventions Adopted in Rio
• 5. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development / Alexandre Kiss = 55
• 1. Introduction = 55
• 2. Legal Aspects of the Rio Declaration = 56
• 3. Policy Guidelines = 62
• 4. Conclusions = 63
• 6. The Legal Protection of the World's Forests after Rio '92 / Alberto Szekely = 65
• 1. Introduction = 65
• 2. The Protection of Forests before Rio and the "Authoritative Non-legally Binding" Principles Adopted at the Rio Conference = 66
• 3. The Case of Mexico = 68
• 7. The Framework Convention on Climate Change / Jean-Francois Pulvenis = 71
• 1. Introduction = 71
• 2. The Negotiation Parameters : The International Community and the Challenge of Climate Change = 71
• 3. A Short Road to Success? The Negotiations of the Framework Convention on Climate Change = 80
• 4. The Basis for Future Action : A Brief Analysis of the Convention = 91
• 5. Towards the Entry into Force of the Convention : The Task Ahead = 109
• 8. The Convention on Biological Diversity / Alan E. Boyle = 111
• 1. Introduction = 111
• 2. The Negotiation of the Convention = 112
• 3. The Convention's Objectives = 115
• 4. The Legal Status of Biodiversity Resources = 116
• 5. General Environmental Provisions = 118
• 6. Measures to Benefit Developing States = 121
• 7. Institutional Supervision and Dispute Settlement = 125
• 8. Conclusions = 126
• Part Three : Prospects for the Future in the Light of Agenda 21 and of the Evolving Principles of International Environmental Law
• 9. The Polluter Pays Principle in the Early 1990s / Henri Smets = 131
• 1. Introduction = 131
• 2. The Polluter Pays Principle in International Law = 131
• 3. The Principle in the Rio Declaration = 134
• 4. Elements for a Definition of the Principle = 136
• 5. Application of the Principle to Inter-State Relations = 141
• 6. Conclusions = 143
• Annex = 145
• 10. The Management of Water Resources / Stephen McCaffrey = 149
• 1. Introduction = 149
• 2. The Problem = 150
• 3. The Fresh Water Programme of Agenda 21 = 152
• 4. An Evaluation of Agenda 21’s Fresh Water Programme = 154
• 5. Conclusions = 159
• 11. The Protection of the Oceans in Agenda 21 and Intemational Environmental Law / Tullio Treves = 161
• 1. The General Approach = 161
• 2. Management of Coastal Areas = 163
• 3. Marine Environmental Protection = 164
• 4. Conservation and Use of Marine Resources = 165
• 5. Critical Uncertainties and Climate Change = 168
• 6. Small Islands = 169
• 7. International Co-operation and the Relationship between Environmental Policy and Trade Measures = 170
• 12. The Protection of Mountain Areas in the Instruments Adopted at the Rio Conference / Laura Pineschi = 173
• 1. Introduction = 173
• 2. The Contribution of the Instruments Adopted by the Rio Conference = 175
• 3. The Contribution of Existent Multilateral Treaties = 179
• 4. Conclusions = 182
• Part Four : Environment : Development and Interdependence
• 13. Is There Anything New in the Concept of Sustainable Development? / Peter J. Hammond = 185
• 1. Introduction : Robinson Crusoe's Sustainable Yields = 185
• 2. Sustainable Development and Hartwick's Rule = 187
• 3. Hicks' Sustainable Income = 188
• 4. Generalizing Hartwick’s Rule = 190
• 5. Sustainable World Income Accounting = 191
• References = 192
• 14. Economic Growth, Technical Progress and the Environment / Ignazio Musu = 195
• 1. The Role of Technology in the Compatibility between Growth and Environment = 195
• 2. What Economic Analysis Can Tell Us = 196
• 3. Economic Institutions and Policies = 201
• 4. Conclusions = 202
• References = 203
• 15. North - South Trade, Property Rights and the Dynamics of the Environment / Graciela Chichilnisky = 205
• 1. Environmental Resources as a North - South Issue = 205
• 2. Gains from Trade : Private vs. Social Dimensions = 209
• 3. A General Equilibrium Model of North - South Trade : Public vs. Private Comparative Advantages = 210
• 4. The Dynamics of Renewable Resources with Different Property Rights = 214
• 5. Property Rights and North - South Trade = 221
• 6. Property Rights Policies = 225
• 7. Conclusions = 226
• 8. Appendix = 228
• References = 232
• 16. Global Environmental Change, Rationality and Ethics / Stefano Zamagni = 235
• 1. Introduction = 235
• 2. The Crisis of the Man-Environment Relationship = 237
• 3. Externalities, Market Incentives and Efficiency = 239
• 4. A Reveral of the Traditional Conceptualization of Time = 242
• 5. An Extension of the Familiar Notion of Rationality = 244
• 6. Instead of a Conclusion = 247
• 17. Poverty and the Environment : Is There a Trade-off? / Partha Dasgupta = 249
• 1. What are Environmental Resources? = 249
• 2. The Issues = 250
• 3. GDP and Pollution : A "Kuznets Curve" and Trade in Environmental Pollution = 252
• 4. Net National Product and Sustainable Development = 253
• 5. Environmental Degradation and Children as Producer Goods = 256
• 6. Conclusions = 258
• References = 259
• 18. Urbanization, Energy and Environment : For a Global Approach / Samir Allal = 261
• 1. Introduction = 261
• 2. Urbanization : A Phenomenon that Affects All the Nations in the World = 261
• 3. Urbanization and Energy : A Recent Awarensess = 262
• 4. The Consequences on the Environment : An Emerging Problem = 263
• 5. Urbanization, Energy and Environment, for a Global Approach = 264
• 6. Conclusions = 265
• 19. Are International Institutions in Favour of the Environment? / Yves Berthelot = 267
• 1. Introduction = 267
• 2. The Role of International Institutions = 267
• 3. The Post-Rio Agenda : the Environment and Sovereignty = 273
• Index = 277