Ginsenosides and phenolic compounds contents and antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts of processed ginseng [Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer] products = 가공된 인삼의 다양한 용매 추출물에서의 향상화 활성 검정 및 ginsenosides와 phenolic compounds 함량 분석

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We analyzed the contents of total ginsenosides and phenol compounds and as well as the antioxidant activities of water, methanol, ethyl acetate, and butanol extracts of 9 Korean ginseng. These consisted of 3 types of processed ginseng (white, red, and taegeuksam) cultivated in 3 locations (Gangwha, Hongcheon, and Pocheon). White ginseng from Hongcheon had the highest total ginsenoside concentration (5,345.4 g/g), in comparison with those from other regions. In particular, the ginsenosides Ro, Rb1, Rh1, and Rb3 were detected at the highest levels. Of red ginseng and taegeuksam, those from Gangwha had the highest total ginsenoside concentration (6,600.9 g/g and 5,124.3 g/g, respectively). Red ginseng from Gangwha had the highest concentrations of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rf, Rb1, and Rg1 compared to all other red ginseng. Taegeuksam from Gangwha contained the highest total ginsenoside concentration (5,124.3 g/g). Its concentrations of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rf, and Rb1 were also higher than those of any other taegeuksam. Among the 3 processed ginseng products, red ginseng contained the highest concentration of total phenolic compounds (923.2 g/g), white ginseng contained the second highest concentration (620.5 g/g), and taegeuksam contained the lowest concentration of phenolic compounds (601.8 g/g). With respect to the cultivation area, processed ginseng products from Pocheon contained the highest concentration of total phenolic compounds (910.7 g/g). The processed ginseng products from Hongcheon had the second highest concentration of total phenolic compounds, and those from Gangwha had the lowest concentration of total phenolic compounds (725.0 g/g and 509.5 g/g, respectively). The antioxidant activity of the processed ginseng from 3 different areas was analyzed using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Of the water extracts, that of Hongcheon taegeuksam showed the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 500 g/g (85.94%). Its methanol extract also showed the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity (78.80%). Of the ethyl acetate extracts, Pocheon taegeuksam showed the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity (85.78%). In general, the DPPH radical-scavenging activity was highest in the water extracts followed by ethyl acetate extracts, methanol extracts, and butanol extracts. This study demonstrates that the processing method and cultivation area are important factors affecting the concentrations of total ginsenoside and phenolic compounds as well as antioxidant activity.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. Introduction = 1
• 2. Materials and Methods = 4
• 2.1. Preparation of samples = 4
• 2.2. Analysis of Ginsenosides by HPLC = 6
• 2.2.1. Sample preparation = 6
• 2.2.2. Analysis of ginsenosides = 6
• 2.3. Analysis of Phenolic Compounds by UHPLC = 9
• 2.3.1. Sample preparation = 9
• 2.3.2. Analysis of Phenolic compounds = 9
• 2.4. Determination of Antioxidant Activity of the DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay = 12
• 2.4.1. Sample preparation = 12
• 2.4.2. Determination of DPPH Radical Scavening Activity = 12
• 3. Results and Discussions = 14
• 3.1. Analysis of Ginsenosides by HPLC = 14
• 3.2. Analysis of Phenolic Compounds by UHPLC = 21
• 3.3. Determination of DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity = 25
• References = 31
• Abstract (in Korean) = 36