Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of serum folate concentration levels with the risk of hyperuricemia in Korean adult men and women. Additionally, we aimed to analyze whether sex acts as an effect modifier in the association ...
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of serum folate concentration levels with the risk of hyperuricemia in Korean adult men and women. Additionally, we aimed to analyze whether sex acts as an effect modifier in the association between serum folate levels and the risk of hyperuricemia.
Methods: Our study population was 4,878 Korean adults whose serum folate concentration and uric acid concentration were measured in the 7th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We categorized the study population into tertiles of folate concentration by sex. We performed multivariable logistic regression and calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR), to analyze the association of serum folate levels with the risk of hyperuricemia separately by sex. Additionally, to analyze whether sex acts as an effect modifier in the association between serum folate levels and the risk of hyperuricemia, we included the multiplicative interaction term of serum folate levels and sex in the multivariable logistic regression model so that we assessed whether the interaction term was statistically significant.
Results: In men, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for hyperuricemia comparing the middle and lowest groups to the highest group of serum folate levels were 1.19 (95% CI, 0.85-1.67) and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.52-1.12), respectively, but these were not statistically significant. In women, the risk of hyperuricemia in the middle group increased by 56% compared to the highest group of serum folate levels (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI, 0.94-2.57), and the risk of hyperuricemia in the lowest group increased by 96% (aOR = 1.96; 95% CI, 1.15-3.32). Furthermore, a statistically significant increasing trend in the risk of hyperuricemia was observed with decreasing serum folate levels in women (p for trend = 0.016). Additionally, the aOR stratified by sex showed a statistically significant difference in the regression model including the multiplicative interaction term of serum folate levels and sex (p for interaction = 0.014).
Conclusion: Our results indicated that in Korean adult women, lower serum folate levels were associated with a higher risk of hyperuricemia, while in men, there was no statistically significant association of serum folate levels with the risk of hyperuricemia. It also found that sex acted as an effect modifier in the association between serum folate levels and the risk of hyperuricemia. These findings suggest that managing serum folate levels might be helpful in preventing or treating hyperuricemia in Korean adult women, and large-scale prospective studies are needed to verify the study findings.