논문 : 경비경찰 역사 및 활동에 대한 소고 = Articles : A Study on the History and Activities of Public Security Police in Korea

국문 초록 (Abstract)

경비경찰은 1948년 대한민국 정부수립 당시 정부조직법에 의거 내무부 치안국 보안과에서 출발한다. 당시 보안과 소속이었던 경비경찰은 현재에는 경찰청 경비국으로 그 위상은 한층 높아졌다. 정부수립 이후, 사회의 발전과 정부의 분업화·전문화 및 재난·테러 등 새로운 경비치안 수요에 의해 경비경찰은 정부 내 관련 유관기관과 그 임무를 같이 수행하고 있다. 경호는 대통령 등 경호에 있어 경호처와 함께하고 있으며, 재난경비활동은 1976년 경찰에서 배제된 소방방재청과 함께하고 있다. 경찰작전은 조국분단이라는 우리나라의 특수한 상황으로 인하여 아직도 일부분의 작전권은 경찰에 있고, 그 이외는 군에 있다. 새로운 치안수요인 테러에 있어 우리 경찰은 국내일반테러사건의 주무부처이다. 대부분의 개별 경비경찰활동은 경찰에서 배제될 수 없는 경찰작용이며, 사회공공의 안녕과 질서유지라는 그 무게 또한 막중하다. 이는 곧 경비경찰의 존재 이유인 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In Korea, the history of public security police comes from Security Division, Public Security Office under the Ministry of Home Affairs in accordance with Governmental Organization Act at the foundation of South Korean government in 1948 after its national liberation from imperial Japan (1945). At that time, public security police was subject to Security Division, which developed into public Security Bureau under the National Police Agency so that it became considered as a major function of Korean police with its higher position. After the establishment of South Korean government, the public security police have performed collaborative tasks in cooperation with relevant governmental agencies so as to meet emerging demands in policing and security (e.g. ever-developing society, governmental working specialization or subdivision, disaster, terrorism, etc). In Korea, Korean public security police provides escort services for President or other high national officials in cooperation with Presidential Security Service, and also performs disaster prevention and relief activities in cooperation with the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) as an independent agency separated from National Police Agency in 1976. Because of national division as a special national circumstance of Korea, some of police operations are still controlled by Korean police, while others are controlled by Korean armed forces. Korean police is a chief supervisor over domestic common terrorism incidents in terms of terrorism as a part of emerging security demands. Most of individual public security police activities are those inseparable from Korean police, and there is no doubt that Korean police has greater responsibility for public peace and order of Korean society than any other agencies. That is why our public security police should exist in Korea. If two Koreas are reunified into one fatherland, it is expected that the workload of individual public security police activities will be possibly multiplied to meet the needs for public peace and order, and even national frontier defense will be possibly supervised by our public security police. Hence, it is the public security police that play a fundamental role as basis of national administration involving politics, economy and society.