Molecular Diversity of Rhizobacteria in Ginseng Soil and Their Plant Benefiting Attributes

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular diversity of rhizobacteria associated with ginseng of varying age levels and their plant benefiting attributes. A total of 143 different isolates belonging to 15 different bacterial genera were recovered. Although variation was found in the rhizobacterial community due to age of the plant, majority of bacteria belong to Firmicutes (58%). In which, Bacillus was found to be the predominant genus irrespective of age of the ginseng. To assess the plant benefiting attributes, 30 representative isolates were selected. The results indicated that some of the isolates could exhibit multiple plant growth promoting traits like secretion of cell wall degrading enzymes, production of indole-3-acetic acid, synthesis of siderophores, solubilization of phosphates and soil pathogens inhibition. It can be suggested that strains of B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis, and B. licheniformis were positive for all the above traits, which have potential to be used as plant growth promoting inoculants to improve ginseng crop in the future.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

연령을 달리하는 인삼토양 내 근권세균의 다양성과 이들 세균이 갖고 있는 식물생장에 유용한 특성에 대하여 조사하였다. 인삼 근권으로부터 총 15개 속에 포함되는 143 균주를 분리하였다. 인삼 연령에 따른 세균 군집의 변화가 있었으나, 분리 균주의 58%가 Firmicutes에 속하였다. 특히 Bacillus는 연령에 관계없이 가장 우점하는 속으로 나타났다. 이들 분리 균주 중 30개의 균주를 선발하여 세포벽 분해효소 분비, 인돌아세트산 생성, siderophore 생성, 인 가용화, 식물병원성 곰팡이의 저해능 등에 대하여 평가한 결과, 다수의 균주가 식물생장을 촉진할 수 있는 기능적 특성을 갖고 있었다. 이 중에서도 모든 조사 항목에 대하여 양성 반응을 보인 B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis, B. licheniformis 균주는 향후 인삼 경작을 위한 생장 촉진 미생물제제로 활용가치가 높을 것으로 기대된다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Schwyn, B., "Universal chemical assay for the detection and determination of siderophores" 160 : 47-56, 1987

2 Rroco, E., "The importance of soil microbial activity for the supply of iron to sorghum and rape" 19 : 487-493, 2003

3 Ramos, B., "Seasonal variation of Bacillus isolates from the rhizosphere of Elaeagnus angustifolia L" 13 : 7-16, 1998

4 Noura, R., "Screening of plant growth promoting traits of Bacillus thuringiensis" 58 : 47-52, 2008

5 Yang, J., "Rhizosphere bacteria help plants tolerate abiotic stress" 14 : 1-4, 2009

6 Selvadurai, E.L., "Production of indole-3-acetic acid analogues by strains of Bacillus cereus in relation to their influence on seedling development" 23 : 401-403, 1991

7 Lugtenberg, B., "Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria" 63 : 541-556, 2009

8 Banchio, E., "Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria improve growth and essential oil yield in Origanum majorana L" 36 : 766-771, 2008

9 Vessey, J.K., "Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers" 255 : 571-586, 2003

10 Sharma, A., "Plant growth promoting bacterium Pseudomonas sp., strain GRP3 influences iron acquisition in mung bean (Vigna radiate L. Wilzeck)" 35 : 887-894, 2003

11 Chaiharn, M., "Phosphate solubilization potential and stress tolerance of rhizobacteria from rice soil in Northern Thailand" 25 : 305-314, 2009

12 Yu, W.J., "Modulating effects of Korean ginseng saponins on ovarian function immature rats" 26 : 2574-2580, 2003

13 Tamura, K., "MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0" 24 : 1596-1599, 2007

14 Hynes, R.K., "Isolation, selection, and characterization of beneficial rhizobacteria from pea, lentil, and chickpea grown in western Canada" 54 : 248-258, 2008

15 Bai, Y., "Isolation of plant-growth-promoting Bacillus strains from soybean root nodules" 48 : 230-238, 2002

16 Chung-SunLee, "Isolation of Rhizobacteria in Jeju Island Showing Anti-Fungal Effect against Fungal Plant Pathogens" 한국균학회 31 (31): 251-254, 2003

17 Sadfi, N., "Isolation and partial purification of antifungal metabolites produced by Bacillus cereus" 52 : 323-337, 2002

18 Hartmann, A., "Isolation and characterization of Azospirillum mutants excreting high amounts of indole acetic acid" 29 : 916-923, 1983

19 Chatli, A.S., "Isolation and characterisation of phosphate solubilising microorganisms from the cold desert habitat of Salix alba Linn. in trans Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh" 48 : 267-273, 2008

20 이솔, "Growth Promotion of Xanthium italicum by Application of Rhizobacterial Isolates of Bacillus aryabhattai in Microcosm Soil" 한국미생물학회 50 (50): 45-49, 2012

21 Han, J., "Diversity of culturable bacteria isolated from root domains of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)" 58 : 363-373, 2009

22 Regupathy Thamizh Vendan, "Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria in Ginseng and Their Potential for Plant Growth Promotion" 한국미생물학회 48 (48): 559-565, 2010

23 Joshi, P., "Diversity and function of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria associated with wheat rhizosphere in North Himalayan region" 1 : 1135-1143, 2011

24 Joshi, P., "Characterization of rhizobacteria diversity isolated from Oryza sativa cultivated at different altitude in North Himalaya" 4 : 208-216, 2011

25 Calvo, P., "Characterization of Bacillus isolates of potato rhizosphere from Andean soils of Peru and their potential PGPR characteristics" 41 : 899-906, 2010

26 Tompson, J.D., "CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice" 22 : 4673-4680, 1994

27 Goldstein, A.H., "Bacterial solubilization of mineral phosphates: historical perspective and future prospects" 1 : 51-57, 1986

28 McGinnis, S., "BLAST: at the core of a powerful and diverse set of sequence analysis tools" 32 : 20-25, 2004

29 Bashan, Y., "Azospirillum-plant relationships: physiological, molecular, agricultural, and environmental advances" 50 : 521-577, 2004

30 Chang, W.T., "Antifungal activity and enhancement of plant growth by Bacillus cereus grown on shellfish chitin wastes" 98 : 1224-1230, 2007

31 Pereira, P., "Analysis of the bacterial diversity associated with the roots of Maize (Zea mays L.) through culture-dependent and culture-independent methods" 2011 : 10-, 2011

32 Nautiyal, C.S., "An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms" 170 : 265-270, 1999