Applied homogeneous catalysis with organometallic compounds : a comprehensive handbook in two volumes . 2 , Developments|RISS 상세보기

목차 (Table of Contents)

CONTENTS
Volume 2 : Chapters 3 and 4
3 Recent Developments in Homogeneous Catalysis = 573
3.1 Development of Methods = 575
3.1.1 Homogeneous Catalysts and Their Heterogenization or Immobilization / B. Cornils ; W.A. Herrmann = 575

CONTENTS
Volume 2 : Chapters 3 and 4
3 Recent Developments in Homogeneous Catalysis = 573
3.1 Development of Methods = 575
3.1.1 Homogeneous Catalysts and Their Heterogenization or Immobilization / B. Cornils ; W.A. Herrmann = 575
3.1.1.1 Immobilization by Aqueous Catalysts = 577
3.1.1.2 Heterogenization by Other Immiscible Phases / I. T. Horv$${\acute a}$$th = 601
3.1.1.3 Immobilization / P. Panster ; S. Wieland = 605
3.1.1.4 Molecularly Defined Organometallic Catalysts on Surfaces / J.M. Basset ; G. P. Niccolai = 624
3.1.1.5 LigandStabilized Clusters and Colloids / G. Schmid = 636
3.1.1.6 New Generation of ReImmobilized Catalysts / H. Bahrmann = 644
3.1.2 Molecular Modeling in Homogeneous Catalysis / R. Klein ; R. Schmid = 654
3.1.2.1 Molecular Modeling Techniques = 655
3.1.2.2 Applications = 661
3.1.2.3 Conclusions ans Prospects = 668
3.1.3 Parahydrogen Labeling as a New Analytical Method in Homogeneous Catalysis / J. Bargon = 672
3.1.3.1 Introduction = 672
3.1.3.2 Insitu NMR Spectroscopy = 672
3.1.3.3 Parahydrogen Labeling = 673
3.1.3.4 Applications of Parahydrogen Labeling = 678
3.1.3.5 Concluding Remarks = 682
3.1.4 Chemical Reaction Engineering Aspects of Homogeneously Catalyzed Processes / M. Baerns ; P. Claus = 684
3.1.4.1 Kinetics in Homogeneous Catalysis = 686
3.1.4.2 Aspects of Catalyst Recycling = 695
3.1.5 Introduction to Selected Multicomponent and Multifunctional Catalysts / D. Hesse = 699
3.1.5.1 Introduction = 699
3.1.5.2 Advantages in the Use of Multicomponent or Multifunctional Catalysts = 700
3.1.5.3 Problems in the Use of Multifunctional or Multicomponent Catalysts = 708
3.1.5.4 Conclusions = 710
3.1.6 Catalytic CarbonCarbon Coupling by Palladium Complexes : Heck Reactions / W. A. Herrmann = 712
3.1.6.1 Introduction = 712
3.1.6.2 History = 713
3.1.6.3 Definition = 713
3.1.6.4 Catalysts, Reaction Conditions = 714
3.1.6.5 Scope and Limitations = 714
3.1.6.6 Mechanism = 719
3.1.6.7 Catalyst Deactivation = 721
3.1.6.8 Recent Improvements = 723
3.1.6.9 Industrial Applications and Perspectives = 726
3.1.7 Catalytic Cyclopropanation / A. F. Noels ; A. Demonceau = 733
3.1.7.1 Introduction = 733
3.1.7.2 Transition Metal Catalyzed Cyclopropanations = 734
3.1.7.3 Recent Developments and Applications = 737
3.1.7.4 Conclusion : In Search of New Catalysts = 744
3.1.8 The FischerTropsch Synthesis Molecular Models for Homogeneous Catalysis? / W. A. Herrmann = 747
3.1.8.1 Introduction = 747
3.1.8.2 Historical and Economic Background = 748
3.1.8.3 Technological Features = 750
3.1.8.4 Mechanistic Considerations = 751
3.1.8.5 Assessment and Perspectives = 759
3.1.9 Arene Coupling Reactions / W. A. Herrmann = 762
3.1.9.1 Introduction = 762
3.1.9.2 ArylAryl Coupling = 763
3.1.9.3 Grignard CrossCoupling = 764
3.1.9.4 Phenol Coupling = 765
3.1.9.5 Perspectives = 766
3.2 Special Catalysts and Processes = 768
3.2.1 Biocatalysis and EnzymeAnalogous Processes / K. Drauz ; H. Waldmann ; B. Sauerbrei = 768
3.2.1.1 Introduction = 768
3.2.1.2 Examples of Enzymatic Conversions = 769
3.2.1.3 EnzymeAnalogous Catalysts = 780
3.2.1.4 Commercial Applications = 782
3.2.1.5 Outlook = 796
3.2.2 Template or Host／Guest Relations / F. V$${\ddot o}$$gtie ; R. Hoss ; M. H$$\ddot a$$ndel = 801
3.2.2.1 Introduction = 802
3.2.2.2 Metal Cations as Templates = 803
3.2.2.3 Neutral Molecules as （Supramolecular） Templates = 805
3.2.2.4 Covalent Molecules as Templates = 811
3.2.2.5 Kinetic and Thermodynamic Template Effects = 816
3.2.2.6 Positive and Negative Templates = 818
3.2.2.7 SelfOrganization = 818
3.2.2.8 Further Developments and Applications = 826
3.2.2.9 Conclusions and Outlook = 828
3.2.3 Membrane Reactors in Homogeneous Catalysis / U. Kragl ; C. Dreisbach ; Ch. Wandrey = 832
3.2.3.1 Introduction = 832
3.2.3.2 Classification and Examples of Membrane Reactors = 833
3.2.3.3 Membrane Reactors in Asymmetric Synthesis = 837
3.2.3.4 Outlook = 840
3.2.4 PhaseTransfer Catalysis and Related Systems / Y. Goldberg ; H. Alper = 844
3.2.4.1 Introduction = 844
3.2.4.2 Homogeneous TransitionMetal Catalyzed Reactions Under PhaseTransfer Conditions = 844
3.2.4.3 TransitionMetal Containing PhaseTransfer Agents and Their Use in Synthesis = 859
3.2.4.4 Conclusions = 860
3.2.5 Rare Earth Metals in Homogeneous Catalysis / R. Anwander = 866
3.2.5.1 Introduction = 866
3.2.5.2 Catalytic Potential = 867
3.2.5.3 Precatalysts = 868
3.2.5.4 CarbonCarbon BondForming Reactions = 869
3.2.5.5 CarbonHeteroelement BondForming Reactions = 882
3.2.5.6 Catalysts Structure = 887
3.2.5.7 Perspectives = 887
3.2.6 Metallocenes as a Source of Fine Chemicals / F. K$$\ddot u$$ber = 893
3.2.6.1 Introduction = 893
3.2.6.2 Hydrogenations = 894
3.2.6.3 DielsAlder （DA） Reactions = 896
3.2.6.4 Epoxidations = 897
3.2.6.5 CarbonCarbon Bond Formation = 898
3.2.6.6 Outlook = 900
3.2.7 Homologation / H. Bahrmann = 902
3.2.7.1 Historical Background = 902
3.2.7.2 Chemical Basics and Applications = 908
3.2.7.3 Mechanism of Reaction = 908
3.2.7.4 Technical Applications = 912
3.2.7.5 Future Prospects = 913
3.2.8 Homogeneous Electrocatalysis / D. Astruc = 915
3.2.8.1 Introduction = 915
3.2.8.2 ElectronTransferChain （ETC） Catalyzed Reactions = 916
3.2.8.3 AtomTransferChain （ATC） Catalysis = 925
3.2.8.4 Conclusions = 926
3.2.9 Homogeneous Photocatalysis / A. Heumann ; M. Chanon = 929
3.2.9.1 Definitions = 929
3.2.9.2 Synthesis and Activation What hv Metal Catalysis can do Better? = 934
3.2.9.3 Conclusion : What Photochemical Techniques can Provide in Mechanistic Studies of Transition Metal Catalysis = 944
3.2.10 Olefins from Aldehydes / W. A. Herrmann = 948
3.2.10.1 Introduction = 948
3.2.10.2 The Catalytic Approach = 949
3.2.10.3 Catalysts = 950
3.2.10.4 Scope of Reaction, Reagents, Side Reactions = 950
3.2.10.5 Mechanism = 951
3.2.10.6 Perspectives = 955
3.2.11 WaterGas Shift Reaction / W. A. Herrmann = 957
3.2.11.1 Introduction = 957
3.2.11.2 Definition = 957
3.2.11.3 Mechanism = 958
3.2.11.4 Applications = 960
3.2.11.5 The Arco Ethylurethane Process = 961
3.2.11.6 Catalytic Implications and Perspectives = 962
3.2.12 Catalytic McMurry Coupling : Olefins from Keto Compounds / W.A. Herrmann = 964
3.2.12.1 Introduction = 964
3.2.12.2 Stoichiometric Titanium and Other Reagents = 964
3.2.12.3 Catalytic Deoxygenation = 966
3.2.12.4 Perspectives = 967
3.2.13 Toward a Homogeneous Hydrodesulfurization Process : Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of Thiophenic Compounds / C. Bianchini ; A. Meli = 969
3.2.13.1 Introduction = 969
3.2.13.2 Hydrogenation Reactions = 970
3.2.13.3 Hydrogenolysis Reactions = 974
3.2.13.4 Future Developments = 978
3.2.14 DoubleBond Isomerization of Olefins / W. A. Herrmann = 980
3.2.14.1 Introduction = 980
3.2.14.2 Catalysts, Scope, and Definition = 980
3.2.14.3 Mechanistic Considerations = 982
3.2.14.4 Applications = 985
3.2.14.5 Asymmetric Isomerization = 986
3.2.14.6 Recent Developments = 987
3.2.14.7 Perspectives = 990
3.3 Special Products = 992
3.3.1 Enantioselective Synthesis / H.U. Blaser ; B. Pugin ; F. Spindler = 992
3.3.1.1 Introduction and Background = 992
3.3.1.2 Critical Factors for the Technical Application of Homogeneous Enantioselective Catalysis = 993
3.3.1.3 StateoftheArt and Evaluation of Catalytic Transformations = 995
3.3.1.4 Conclusions and Prospects = 1005
3.3.2 Diols via Catalytic Dihydroxylation / M. Beller ; K. B. Sharpless = 1009
3.3.2.1 Introduction = 1009
3.3.2.2 History and General Features of OsmiumCatalyzed Dihydroxylation Reactions = 1010
3.3.2.3 Mechanism of OsmiumCatalyzed Dihydroxylations = 1012
3.3.2.4 Scope and Limitation of Asymmetric Dihydroxylation = 1014
3.3.2.5 Applications of Diols = 1020
3.3.3 Hydrovinylation / P. W. Jolly ; G. Wilke = 1024
3.3.3.1 Introduction = 1024
3.3.3.2 The Catalyst = 1025
3.3.3.3 The Product = 1030
3.3.3.4 The Mechanism = 1039
3.3.3.5 Outlook = 1045
3.3.4 Carbon Dioxide as a C₁Building Block / E. Dinjus ; R. Fornika = 1048
3.3.4.1 Introduction = 1048
3.3.4.2 Catalytic CC BondForming Reactions = 1051
3.3.4.3 Transition Metal Catalyzed Formation of Formic Acid and its Derivatives from CO₂ and H₂ = 1058
3.3.4.4 Summary and Outlook = 1067
3.3.5 Reductive Carbonylation of Nitro Compounds / R. Sundermann ; H.J. Scholl = 1072
3.3.5.1 Introductory Remarks = 1072
3.3.5.2 Synthesis of Isocyanates = 1073
3.3.5.3 Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Mechanism = 1075
3.3.5.4 Outlook = 1079
3.3.6 New Approaches in CH Activation of Alkanes / A. Sen = 1081
3.3.6.1 Introduction = 1081
3.3.6.2 Radical Pathways = 1082
3.3.6.3 Oxidative Addition Pathways = 1084
3.3.6.4 Electrophilic Pathways = 1085
3.3.6.5 Conclusions = 1090
3.3.7 PausonKhand Reaction / V. Rautenstrauch = 1092
3.3.7.1 Introduction = 1092
3.3.7.2 2Pentylcyclopent2en1one via Catalytic PKR = 1094
3.3.7.3 Mechanism, Side Reactions, and Pressure = 1096
3.3.7.4 Conclusions and Perspectives = 1099
3.3.8 Cyclooligomerization of Alkynes / H. B$$\ddot o$$nnemann ; W. Brijoux = 1102
3.3.8.1 Introduction = 1102
3.3.8.2 Survey of the Catalysts = 1102
3.3.8.3 Five and SixMembered Heterocycles = 1104
3.3.8.4 Six and EightMembered Carbocycles = 1111
3.3.9 New Developments in the Carbonylation of Alkynes : a Clean Route to Methacrylates / E. Drent ; W. W. Jager ; J. J. Keijsper ; F. G. M. Niele = 1119
3.3.9.1 Introduction = 1119
3.3.9.2 History of the Carbonylation of Alkynes = 1120
3.3.9.3 Carbonylation of Propyne = 1121
3.3.9.4 Scope of the New Catalyst System = 1129
3.3.9.5 Conclusions = 1130
3.3.10 Special Reactions in Homogeneous Aqueous Systems = 1132
3.3.10.1 Synthesis of Polymers / B. M. Novak = 1132
3.3.10.2 Homogeneous Catalysis in Living Cells / L. V$$\acute i$$gh ; F. Jo$$\acute o$$ = 1142
3.3.11 Cyclic Hydrocarbons from Diazoalkanes / W.A. Herrmann = 1149
3.3.11.1 Introduction = 1149
3.3.11.2 Scope and Definition = 1149
3.3.11.3 Mechanistic Considerations = 1150
3.3.11.4 Catalytic Cyclization = 1151
3.3.11.5 Enantioselective Cyclization = 1154
3.3.11.6 Perspectives = 1154
3.3.12 Acrolein and Acronitrile from Propene / W. A. Herrmann = 1156
3.3.12.1 Introduction = 1156
3.3.12.2 Scope and Technological Features = 1157
3.3.12.3 Catalyst Principle and Mechanism = 1158
3.3.12.4 Organometallic Models = 1160
3.3.12.5 The "Amm（on）dehydrogenation" = 1161
3.3.12.6 Perspectives = 1162
4 Epilogue = 1165
4.1 Homogeneous Catalysis Quo vadis? / W.A. Herrmann ; B. Cornils = 1167
4.1.1 Immobilization of Homogeneous Catalysts = 1169
4.1.2 Colloidal Organometallic Catalysts = 1171
4.1.3 Multicomponent and Multifunctional Catalysis = 1172
4.1.4 Stereoselective Catalysis = 1172
4.1.5 Metals from Stoichiometric Reactivity to Catalytic Efficiency = 1175
4.1.6 Mechanistic Knowledge and Theory Keys to Catalyst Design = 1176
4.1.7 Catalyst Performance = 1178
4.1.8 Organometallic Electrocatalysis = 1178
4.1.9 New Chemical Feedstocks for Homogeneous Catalysis = 1179
4.1.10 Catalysis under Supercritical Conditions = 1184
4.1.11 New Reactions, Improved Catalysts = 1184
4.1.12 Organometallic Catalysts for Polymers = 1187
4.1.13 Catalyst Reactivation, Process, and Reactor Technology = 1191
4.1.14 Final Closure = 1191
Index = 1199

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