Dietary influences on the pharmacokinetics of antihypertensive drugs: a review of food-drug interactions

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Background Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and requires effective pharmacological management.
However, the efficacy and safety of antihypertensive drugs are significantly affected by the diet. Food-drug interactions play a critical role in modulating drug absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability, thereby altering clinical outcomes.
These interactions occur through various mechanisms, including metabolic enzyme modulation, drug transporter activity, and gastrointestinal conditions. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is essential for optimizing antihypertensive therapy and minimizing interindividual variability in drug responses.
Area covered This review provides an in-depth analysis of food-drug interactions that alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antihypertensive drugs. Specifically, we explored the impact of various dietary components, including beverages (alcohol, coffee, tea, and fruit juices) and dietary patterns (high-fat, high-protein, high-sodium, high-carbohydrate), on pharmacokinetics. Certain foods may enhance drug absorption, whereas others may reduce bioavailability via enzyme inhibition or transporter interactions. This review highlights the key mechanistic insights into these interactions, emphasizing their clinical significance and potential implications for hypertension management.
Expert opinion Further research is required to validate these food-drug interactions in clinical settings and refine dietary recommendations for patients with hypertension. The integration of pharmacokinetic modeling approaches can aid in predicting individual responses to dietary influences, thereby facilitating personalized treatment strategies. A deeper understanding of these interactions will contribute to minimizing adverse effects, improving drug efficacy, and enhancing patient adherence to antihypertensive therapies. Future studies should focus on identifying specific dietary modifications that optimize therapeutic outcomes and reduce the variability in drug responses.