1900년대 하녀 교육서의 유행 ― 하녀와 고용주의 관계와 관련하여 ― = Trends of Maid Education Books in 1900’s: Relationship between Maid and Employer

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Housemaid in modern Japan was rapidly increased in 1900s. It is mainly due to increased demand for housemaid by new middle class who was increased as the expansion of city. But the employment environment of housemaid was not modern at all. The employers of housemaid who succeeded traditional recognition of upper class thought that hiring housemaid is not a contract in modern sense. Instead they thought it is a kind of education of manners and practical housekeeping for the woman who will marry and keep house.
In these context, everyday life of housemaid was controlled and managed under the name of education. Labor of housemaid was severe and cheap. As demand for factory worker is increased due to economic boom after the 1st world war, the number of women who want to be housemaid was decreased.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 歷史科學協議會, "女性史硏究入門" 三省堂 112-143, 1991

2 원지연, "일본사의 변혁기를 본다" 지식산업사 267-274, 2011

3 이정은, "野上彌生子が描く大正期の新家庭と「主婦」 ‒女中物語「小指」と「渦」を中心として‒" 한국일본근대학회 (43) : 213-236, 2014

4 清水美知子, "社会調査にみる＜女中＞" 6 : 88-89, 2005

5 谷本雅之, "歴史の中の消費者ー日本における消費と暮らし-1850〜2000" 法政大學出版局 33-35, 2016

6 尾高煌之助, "日本經濟史6 二重構造" 岩波出版 98-105, 1989

7 中川清, "日本の都市下層" 勁草書房 33-35, 1985

8 牛島千尋, "戦間期の東京における新中間層と女中-もう一つの郊外化" 52 (52): 88-104, 2001

9 墨堤隠士, "家庭下女讀本" 大學館 1-72, 1907

10 羽仁もと子, "女中訓" 婦人之友社 45-61, 1912

11 賀川はる子, "女中奉公と女工生活" 東京福永書店 7-9, 1976

12 加藤常子, "女中の使い方" 婦人之友社 5-53, 1912

13 小泉和子, "女中がいた昭和" 河出書房新社 24-29, 2012

14 奥田曉子, "女と男の時空" 377-380, 1995

15 日本職業調査会, "女が自活するには" 周文堂 44-52, 1931

16 村上信彦, "大正期の職業婦人" ドメス出版 1-333, 1983

17 村井弦斎, "下女讀本" 博文館 3-19, 1903

18 清水美知子, "<女中>イメージの家庭文化史" 世界思想社 3-39, 2004

19 소영현, "1920~1930년대 ‘하녀’의 ‘노동’과 ‘감정’- 감정의 위계와 여성 하위주체의 감정규율" 민족문학사학회 (50) : 309-336, 2012