조선초기 불교조각의 대외관계 = Stylistic Relations of Buddhist Sculpture of the Early Choson Dynasty with Contemporary Buddhist Sculpture of China and Japan

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As is well known, although the newly established Choso˘n dynasty chose to repress Buddhism in order to promote Confucian principles, the royal family as well as common people did not cease to practice Buddhism. Sources relate that many statues were made from media like gold, gilt-bronze and jade under the royal patronage. This paper investigates relationships of Buddhist sculpture of the Choso˘n dynasty with those of Ming China and Muromachi Bakufu Japan. Sources relates that Buddhist statues of the early Ming dynasty were transmitted by envoys sent by the Ming emperor to fetch Koryo Buddhist statues made by Yuan sculptors. Chinese envoys seem to have brought some newly made images of the Ming dynasty and presented them to Choso˘n royal family members. Surviving images of the early Choso˘n period show elongated body-form, a small feminine face and high usnisa with a jewel on its top, which have much to do wiht the early Ming style of Buddhist sculpture. Furthermore, some early Choso˘n images are also assumed to be stylistically linked with early Ming images of Tibetan Buddhist or Lamaist shape and decoration of the Ying-lo era. It is also interesting to note that the royal house of the Choso˘n dynasty requested wood Buddhist images of the envoy of Muromachi Bakufu, and the Japanese government accordingly sent some. Since Buddhist images of the early Choso˘n period were for the most part sponsored by royal family members, and sculptors in the capital Hanyang were most likely in charge of these projects, it is fair to assume that some stylistic features of Japanese Muromachi sculptures had an impact on early Choso˘n statues. The plump round faces and unusually secularized naturalistic manner of some early Choso˘n images are assumed to be closely comparable with the late thirteenth through early fifteenth century Japanese style.