보호출산제 정책결정과정 분석 연구 = A Study on the Policy-Making Process of the Protective Childbirth System

국문 초록 (Abstract)

2024년 7월 19일부터 시행된 보호출산제는 수년간 제도화되지 못하다가 갑자기 근거 법령이 제정되었다. 이러한 점에서 보호출산제의 결정 과정을 선형적 추론 기반의 정책 결정 모형을 통해 설명하기는 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구는 Kingdon의 정책흐름모형을 통해 보호출산제 결정과정을 분석하였고, 연구 문제에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리사회가 ‘보호할 수 있었던 아동’에 대한 지표, 베이비박스 논란과 감사원의 출생 미신고 아동 관련 감사 진행 중 발견된 수원 영아 시신 냉장고 유기 사건이라는 초점 사건, 2011년 개정 입양특례법에 대한 비판 등은 보호출산제와 관련한 문제의 흐름을 형성해 왔다. 또한 정권이 바뀌는 과정에서의 국회 임기의 교체, 보호출산제를 둘러싼 입양아동 대 입양가족 옹호의 이익집단 활동이 정치의 흐름을 형성해 왔으며, 정부의 보호출산제 정책 공표와 국회에서의 법안 발의, 실현가능한 대안으로의 조정 등의 정책의 흐름이 있었다. 둘째, 수원 영아 시신 냉장고 유기 사건은 출생통보제 도입의 촉발 기제로 작용하였으며, 출생통보제 법안 통과는 또 하나의 촉발기제가 되어 보호출산제라는 정책의 창이 열리게 되었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 아동 최선의 이익을 위한 현실적이고 상시적인 정책대안 마련 노력의 중요성을 강조하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Protective Childbirth System (PCS), set to be implemented on July 19, 2024, had its legal basis suddenly established in 2023. This abrupt development makes it difficult to explain the decision-making process of the PCS using a linear inference-based policy decision model. Therefore, this study analyzes the decision-making process of the PCS using Kingdon's Policy Stream Framework, and the results are as follows: Firstly, various factors have shaped the problem stream related to the PCS. These include indicators of “children who could have been protected,” the controversy surrounding baby boxes, the Suwon refrigerator case, and criticism of the 2011 revised Special Adoption Act. Additionally, changes in government and parliamentary terms, along with advocacy activities by interest groups supporting either adopted children or adoptive families, have all contributed to shaping the political stream. Also, the policy stream includes the government's announcement of the PCS policy, legislative proposals in the National Assembly, and the adjustment of viable alternatives. Secondly, the Suwon refrigerator case acted as a trigger for the introduction of the Birth Notification System. The passage of the birth notification bill served as another trigger, opening the policy window for the PCS. Based on these findings, the study emphasizes the importance of continuous and realistic policy alternatives to ensure children's best interests.

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