미국의 성장관리정책과 그린벨트 = Urban Growth Managemenht and Greenbelt in the USA

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article addresses the American experience of urban growth management and draws some policy implications for Korean Greenbelt policy. In America, the Greenbelt is a broad band of open lands that surrounds the cities and towns to control urban growth. It is one of the largest and most productive systems of open space in any U.S. metropolitan region. An urban growth boundary is an officially adopted and mapped line dividing land to be developed from Greenbelt land to be protected for natural or rural uses. In America, urban growth boundaries are an essential tool for meeting the growth management challenges of the 1990s. Urban growth boundaries offer a way to better resolve the gridlock between conservation and development. They bring certainty to the issue of which lands will be developed and conserved, and can lead to programs that encourage appropriate development inside the boundary and enhance long term ecological, agricultural and other uses of natural lands outside the boundary. American experience tells us that urban growth boundaries and Greenbelts work best as part of comprehensive growth management strategies.
The Greenbelt of American cities is a pro-active growth management tool to promote more compact, contiguous urban development. On the contrary, that of Korean cities is a counter-active growth management tool to restrain the urban concentration of population. In Korea, the Greenbelt has been blamed for driving up the price of housing since the Greenbelt suppresses the land supply. American experience is quite different from Korean one.
The impact of the Greenbelt on housing in most American cities with the Greenbelt, housing prices have not affected by the Greenbelt. Developers can compensate for higher land costs with higher density, because most American cities with the Greenbelt have expanded the amount of land zoned for multifamily housing and increased the allowable density for single family zones in urban while they keep up with the Greenbelt. If it can be said that Korean Greenbelt policy has been failed, the reason can be explained by the suppression of the allowable density of urban areas surrounded by the Greenbelt.