「財務會計槪念報告書」第五號에 관한 分析的 考察 = A Critical Analysis on the SFAC No.5 entitled "Recognition and Measurement in Financial Statements of Business Enterprises."

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this paper to review and criticize the SFAC No. 5 entitled Recognition and Measurement in Financial Statements of Business Enterprises (Dec. 1984).
This Statement sets forth recognition criteria and guidance on what information should be incorporated into financial statements and when. The Statement provides a basis for consideration of criteria and guidance by first adressing financial statements that should be presented and their contribution to financial reporting. It gives particular attention to statements of earnings and comprehensive income. The Statement also adresses certain measurement issues that are closely related to recognition.
As a whole, the most aspects of current practice are consistent with the recognition criteria and guidance in this Statement, but the criteria and guidance do not foreclose the possibility of future changes in practice. This Statement is intended to provide guidance for orderly change in accounting standards when needed. When evidence indi-cates that information about an item that is more useful (relevant and reliable) than information currently reported is available at a justifiable cost, it should be included in financial statement.
Implications in the SFAC No.5 can be summarized as follows: (1) It integrates the Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts series (No.1 through No.4). (2) it follows the traditional accounting practices such as recognition criteria of revenues, gains, expenses and losses.
But it makes implication the departure from current accounting tradition, asserting that information based on current prices should be recognized if it is sufficiently relevant and reliable to justify the costs involved and more relevant than alternative information. (3) It structures the concept of income used by a variety terms. Especially it differentia-tes between present net income, earnings and comprehensive income. The comprehensive income is based on the concept of financial capital maintenance. (4) Among a full set of financial statements suggested by the Statement, we should make attention to the Cash Flow Statement comparing with the current Statement of Changes in Financial Position. It indicates the changes of current financial statement set.
However, the followings should be also remembered: (1) it takes the limited approach in recognition and measurement. Only transactions satisfying condition of the ten elements in SFAC No.3. can be incorporated into the financial statement. (2) It does not provide the specific criteria for implementing test in recognition and measurement. (3) Some definitions and terminologies are ambiguous, unrelated and inconsistent with each other.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序論
• Ⅱ. 財務會計 및 財務報告을 위한 理論構造計劃의 槪觀.
• 1. APB 와 理論構造計劃
• 2. FASB 의 이니셔티브 (Initiative)
• Ⅲ. SFAC NO.5의 分析 및 檢討
• 1. SFAC NO.5의 意義 및 生成背景
• 2. SFAC NO.5의 目的 및 範圍
• 3. 財務諸表上의 認識 및 測定
• (1) 財務諸表등의 意義
• (2) 基本的인 認識基準
• (3) 基本的인 認識基準의 適用指針
• Ⅳ. SFAC NO.5의 몇가지 示唆點
• 1. 槪念報告書시리즈의 綜合的 性格
• 2. 基本財務諸表의 變化
• 3. 利益槪念의 再定立
• 4. 傅統的 會計慣習의 維持 및 變化에 대한 伸縮的인 態度
• Ⅴ. 結 論