Research in education

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• PREFACE = ⅸ
• 1 THE MEANING OF RESEARCH = 1
• The Search for Knowledge = 1
• Science = 5
• The Role of Theory = 7
• The Hypothesis = 8
• Sampling = 10
• Randomness = 11
• What Is Research? = 17
• Purposes of Research = 20
• Assessment, Evaluation, and Descriptive Research = 22
• Types of Educational Research = 23
• Summary = 24
• Exercises = 25
• References = 26
• Additional Readings = 27
• 2 SELECTING A PROBLEM AND PREPARING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL = 28
• The Academic Research Problem = 29
• The Research Proposal = 36
• Ethics in Human Experimentation = 40
• Using the Library = 44
• Finding Related Literature = 45
• Note Taking = 46
• The First Research Project = 49
• Submitting a Research Proposal to a Funding Agency = 52
• Summary = 53
• Exercises = 54
• References = 55
• Additional Readings = 55
• 3 HISTORICAL RESEARCH = 57
• The History of American Education = 58
• History and Science = 60
• The Historical Hypothesis = 63
• Sources of Data = 65
• Historical Criticism = 67
• Writing the Historical Report = 72
• Summary = 73
• Exercises = 74
• References = 74
• Additional Readings = 75
• 4 ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION, AND DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH = 76
• Assessment Studies = 78
• Evaluation Studies = 84
• Assessment and Evaluation in Problem Solving = 85
• The Follow-Up Study = 87
• Descriptive Research = 88
• Ex Post Facto or Causal-Comparative Studies = 97
• Replication and Secondary Analysis = 100
• The Post Hoc Fallacy = 104
• Summary = 105
• Exercises = 106
• References = 106
• Additional Readings = 108
• 5 EXPERIMENTAL AND QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH = 110
• Early Experimentation = 111
• Experimental and Control Groups = 112
• Variables = 114
• Controlling Extraneous Variables = 116
• Operational Definitions of Variables = 117
• Experimental Validity = 118
• Experimental Design = 123
• Summary = 139
• Exercises = 140
• References = 141
• 6 SINGLE-SUBJECT EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH = 143
• General Procedures = 145
• Assessment = 149
• Basic Designs = 151
• Evaluating Data = 156
• Summary = 157
• Exercises = 157
• References = 158
• 7 METHODS AND TOOLS OF RESEARCH = 159
• Reliability and Validity of Research Tools = 160
• Quantitative Studies = 160
• Qualitative Studies = 163
• Psychological Tests and Inventory = 164
• Qualities of a Good Test or Inventory = 169
• Observation = 174
• Inquiry Forms: The Questionnaire = 181
• Inquiry Forms: The Opinionnaire = 194
• The Interview = 201
• Q Methodology = 203
• Social Scaling = 205
• Organization of Data Collection = 209
• Limitations and Sources of Error = 214
• Summary = 215
• Exercises = 216
• References = 217
• Additional Readings = 217
• 8 DESCRIPTIVE DATA ANALYSIS = 219
• What Is Statistics? = 220
• Parametric and Nonparametric Data = 221
• Descriptive and Inferential Analysis = 222
• The Organization of Data = 223
• Statistical Measures = 225
• Normal Distribution = 233
• Measure of Relative Position: Standard Scores = 239
• Measures of Relationship = 243
• Interpretation of a Correlation Coefficient = 253
• Standard Error of Estimate = 257
• A Note of Caution = 259
• Summary = 261
• Exercises = 261
• References = 265
• 9 INFERENTIAL DATA ANALYSIS = 266
• Statistical Inference = 266
• The Central Limit Theorem = 267
• Parametric Tests = 270
• Testing Statistical Significance = 271
• Decision Making = 274
• Students Distribution(t) = 280
• Homogeneity of Variances = 281
• Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) = 288
• Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Partial Correlation = 294
• Multiple Regression and Correlation = 295
• Nonparametric Tests = 299
• Summary = 306
• Exercises = 307
• References = 310
• Additional Readings = 310
• 10 COMPUTER DATA ANALYSIS = 311
• The Computer = 311
• Data Orgainzation = 314
• Computer Analysis of Data = 316
• Summary = 326
• Suggested Readings = 327
• 11 THE RESEARCH REPORT = 328
• Style Manuals = 328
• Format of the Research Report = 329
• The Thesis or Dissertation = 334
• Style of Writing = 334
• Typing the Report = 335
• Reference Form = 336
• Pagination = 338
• Tables = 339
• Figures = 340
• Evaluating a Research Report = 345
• Summary = 346
• References = 347
• Additional Readings = 347
• APPENDIXES
• A: Statistical Formulas and Symbols = 348
• B: Percentage of Area Lying between the Mean and Successive Standard Deviation Units under the Normal Curve = 354
• C: Critical Values for Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation (r) = 356
• D: Critical Values of Students Distribution (t) = 357
• E: Abridged Table of Critical Values for Chi Square = 358
• F: Critical Values of the F Distribution = 359
• G: Research Course Report Evaluation = 363
• H: Answers to Statistics Exercises = 364
• I: Selected Indexes, Abstracts, and Reference Materials = 367
• AUTHOR INDEX = 379
• SUBJECT INDEX = 383