인공지능과 빅데이터를 통한 이미지의 존재론과 창발성 = Image Ontology and Emergent Properties through AI and Big Data

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper presents a study of 'image ontology and emergent properties through artificial intelligence and big data'. In Chapter 2, 'big data and image ontology' and 'image ontology' are examined through the 'image of everyday images and art imitation of artificial intelligence', and from the 'viewpoint of a cloud computing system'. We compare and study the 'ontology of big data'. In Chapter 3, 'image ontology by ‘deep learning operation' and a 'study of diversity / variability through ’deep learning' is studied and 'image ontology by ‘deep learning operations' is studied through 'creativity and emergent properties' research. Recent deep learning on artificial intelligence explores the reasons for 'lane' or 'long-term compensation' rather than 'best' or 'immediate compensation' through inference. To this end, we will examine the concepts of 'diversity/variability' of artificial intelligence and of big data and the concept of the creativity of art. In the last chapter, we examine the history of 'creativity' in an artwork or artistic image that develops into 'originality - creativity - emergent properties', and explains the situation that is understood as 'universal creativity' and 'reorganized creativity' today. In particular, we analyze how images are created by 'deep learning' and how realism is realized in actual images created by Google's 'deep dream'. In addition, we study specifically the ontology and inventiveness of images through a case study of technological engineering works by the contemporary artist Son Yeo-Ul, who uses big data as a material and expresses the emergence between prediction and unpredictability.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 ‘인공지능과 빅데이터를 통한 이미지의 존재론과 창발성‘에 대해서 연구한다. 2장에서는 ‘빅데이터와 이미지 존재론’에서는 ‘일상의 이미지와 인공지능의 미술 모방의 이미지’를 통해서 ‘이미지의 존재론’을 살펴보고, ‘클라우드 컴퓨팅 시스템의 리좀적 네트워킹과 복수성’의 관점에서 ‘빅데이터의 존재론’을 비교, 연구한다. 3장, ‘딥러닝 연산에 의한 이미지 존재론’에서는 ‘딥러닝을 통한 다양성/가변성’ 연구와 더불어 ‘창의성과 창발성’ 연구를 통해서 ‘딥러닝 연산에 의한 이미지 존재론’을 비교, 연구한다. 최근의 인공지능의 딥러닝이 추론을 통해서 ‘최선’ 혹은 ‘즉각적 보상’이 아닌 ‘차선’ 혹은 ‘장기적 의미의 보상’을 도모하는 이유를 알아본다. 이를 위해서 인공지능과 빅데이터의 ‘다양성/가변성’의 개념과 더불어 미술의 창의성의 개념을 연동하여 살펴본다. 마지막 장에서는 독창성-창의성-창발성으로 전개되는 미술 작품 혹은 예술적 이미지에 담긴 ‘창의성’의 변천사를 살펴보고, 오늘날 ‘보편적 창의성’, ‘재편되는 창의성’ 개념으로 이해되고 있는 상황을 설명한다. 특히 딥러닝이 만드는 이미지들과 최근 구글의 딥드림이 만든 실제 이미지들에서 어떻게 창발성이 구현되는지를 분석한다. 덧붙여 빅데이터를 재료로 삼고 예측과 예측 불가능성 사이에서 창발성을 실천하고 있는 현대 미술가 손여울의 기술공학적 작품의 사례 분석을 통해서 이미지의 존재론과 창발성이 무엇인지를 구체적으로 연구한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Baudrillard, J., "Écran total" Éditions Galilée 1997

2 Debray, R., "Vie et Mort de l’Image-Une histoire du regard en occident" Gallimard 1992

3 Han, J. Y., "Using NVIDIA, Alpha go, GPU technology utilization"

4 Greenberg, C., "The collected essays and criticism, vol. 4, (1957-1969)" The University of Chicago Press 1993

5 Michael, K., "The Social and Behavioural Implications of Location Based Services" 5 : 3-4, 2011

6 Wilson, R. A., "The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences" MIT Press 2001

7 Garud, R., "The Emergence of Novelty in Organizations" Oxford University Press 2015

8 Lauterbach. A., "The Artificial Intelligence Imperative : A Practical Roadmap for Business" ABC-CLIO 2017

9 Anderson, S. F., "Technologies of Vision: The War Between Data and Images" The MIT Press 2017

10 Barres, D. G., "Technologies for Inclusive Education : Beyond Traditional Integration Approaches" IGI Global 2012

11 Murray, P., "T. S. Eliot and Mysticism : The Secret History of Four Quartets" Macmillan 1991

12 Etching, J. A., "Strategies in Biomedical Data Science : Driving Force for Innovation" Wiley 2017

13 Yang, C., "Spatial Cloud Computing : A Practical Approach" CRC press 2014

14 Deng, Z., "Proceedings of 2017 Chinese Intelligent Automation Conference" Springer 2017

15 Janssen, M., "Open and Big Data Management and Innovation" Springer 2015

16 Choi, Y. J., "NVIDIA, Leader in the Artificial Intelligence System Market"

17 Lee, J. P., "Möbius's band, artificial intelligence and people" 387 : 14-22, 2017

18 Deleuze, G., "Mille Plateaux" Minuit 1980

19 Kannan, R., "Managing and Processing Big Data in Cloud Computing" IGI global 2016

20 McGowen, B., "Machine learning with Google APIs - Easily leverage machine learning in your apps, a. k. a. Puppy or muffin?"

21 Baudrillard, J., "Le système des objets" Gallimard 1978

22 Chapouthier, G., "Kant et le chimpanzé-Essai sur l'être humain, la morale et l'art" Belin 2014

23 Mertsching, B., "KI 2009 : Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Verlag Berlin" Springer 2009

24 ∙ Kohli, S., "Innovative Applications of Big Data in the Railway Industry" IGI Global 2017

25 Benjamin, W., "Illuminations : Essays and Reflections" Schocken Books 1968

26 Zarka, Y. C., "Hobbes et son vocabulaire : études de lexicographie philosophique" Vrin 1992

27 Xiang, Z., "Fesenmaier, Analytics in Smart Tourism Design : Concepts and Methods" Springer 2017

28 Sawyer, R. K., "Explaining Creativity : The Science of Human Innovation" Oxford University Press 2012

29 Chandrasekaran, K., "Essentials of Cloud Computing" CRC Press 2014

30 Bergson, H., "Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience" Alcan 1909

31 Steiner, T. R., "English Translation Theory 1650-180" van Gorcum, Assen 1975

32 Seel, N. M., "Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning" Springer 2011

33 Forester, E. V., "Emergent properties" University of California 1998

34 Bunge, Mario., "Emergence and Convergence : Qualitative Novelty and the Unity of Knowledge" University of Toronto Press 2003

35 Humphreys, P., "Emergence" Oxford university Press 2016

36 Galeon, D., "DeepMind develops a neural network that can make sense of objects around it"

37 Deng, L. &., "Deep Learning in Natural Language Processing" Springer 2018

38 Forcer, S., "Dada as Text, Thought and Theory" Legenda 2017

39 Kant, E., "Critique du jugement, suivie des Observations sur le sentiment du beau et du sublime Vol. 2" Librairie philosophique de ladrange 1846

40 Hegel, G. W. F., "Cours d'esthétique" Aubier 1995

41 Wilson, E. O., "Consilience : The Unity of Knowledge" Alfred A. Knopf 1998

42 Ovens, A., "Complexity Thinking in Physical Education : Reframing Curriculum" Routledge 2013

43 Hwang, K., "Cloud Computing for Machine Learning and Cognitive Applications" The MIT press 2017

44 Rayner, A., "Can Google's Deep Dream become an art machine?"

45 Johnson, J., "CLEVR: a diagnostic dataset for compositional language and elementary visual reasoning, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition" Cornell University Library

46 ∙ Manyika, J., "Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity" McKinsey Global Institute 2011

47 Babinet, G., "Big data, penser l'homme et le monde autrement" Le Passeur 2015

48 Menger, P-M., "Big data et traçabilité numérique : Les sciences sociales face à la quantification massie des individus" Collège de France 2017

49 Dehmer, M., "Big Data of Complex Networks" CRC Press 2016

50 Akerkar, R., "Big Data Computing" CRC Press 2013

51 Hsu, H. H., "Big Data Analytics for Sensor-Network Collected Intelligence" Academic Press 2017

52 Swarnalatha, P., "Big Data Analytics for Satellite Image Processing and Remote Sensing" IGI Global 2018

53 Feldman, E. B., "Becoming Human Through Art: Aesthetic Experience in the School" Prentice-Hall 1970

54 Giunta, A., "Avant-Garde, Internationalism, and Politics : Argentine Art in the Sixties" Duke University Press 2007

55 Boulnois. O., "Au-delà de l'image-Une archéologie du visuel au Moyen-Age Ve-XVIe siècle" Seuil 2008

56 Sim, K., "Applications of Evolutionary Computation" Springer 2018

57 Danto, A. C., "After the End of Art : Contemporary Art and the Pale of History" Princeton University Press 1997

58 Yu., F. R., "Advances in Mobile Cloud Computing Systems" CRC Press 2015

59 Adam, N. R., "Advanced Database Systems" pringer-Verlag 1993

60 DeBessonet, C. G., "A Many-Valued Approach to Deduction and Reasoning for Artificial Intelligence" Kluwer Academic Publishers 2007

61 Ruggiero, G, "A Companion to the Worlds of the Renaissance" Wiley-Blackwell 2008

62 Laney, D., "3D Data Management: Controlling Data Volume, Velocity and Variety, META Group Application Delivery Services. file 949"