The domestic logistics industry has a low level of operational efficiency and management maturity compared to global logistics companies, so it is necessary to specialize and manage major operations to drive business expansion and growth. Considering ...
The domestic logistics industry has a low level of operational efficiency and management maturity compared to global logistics companies, so it is necessary to specialize and manage major operations to drive business expansion and growth. Considering these current status of the domestic logistics industry, many studies have been conducted on the analysis of the efficiency of various methods for each business sector of the domestic logistics companies. However, the existing studies were mainly conducted for all or a specific group of logistics companies. Therefore, this study divided domestic logistics companies into four groups, and also added global advanced logistics companies to analyze the efficiency trends according to groups, within groups, by company size, and asset-based or non-asset-based companies. Also in the analysis methodology, instead of the classic method BCC, CCR model or Malmquist for productivity analysis, efficiency analysis is performed by using DEA-SBM, which includes the weak point of slack when measuring efficiency.
As a result of the efficiency analysis of all 61 logistics companies from 2010 to 2019, including global logistics companies, the overall efficiency of all logistics companies was analyzed to be a downward trend. By sector, the relative efficiency of domestic certified integrated logistics services, freight forwarding and warehouse service companies were found with downward trend, and it has been found that the output compared to input factors has not reached an appropriate level. On the other hand, the global logistics company sector is an upward trend and the inefficiency size is very low compared to the domestic logistics companies.
As a result of efficiency analysis by size of logistics companies, the efficiency of mid-sized companies tends to be flat, while the efficiency of large and SMEs(Small and Medium-sized Enterprises) are showing a downward trend. In addition, as a result of the overall analysis of logistics companies by asset-based (Asset Based, Non-Asset Based), the overall SBM efficiency of non-asset based groups was higher than that of the asset based groups.
The implications of this study are as follows: First, the efficiency of Korea's certified excellent logistics companies is on a downward trend compared to global logistics companies. Therefore, it can be considered that the government's policy support is needed along with efforts such as structural reform of the company itself. Second, the relative efficiency of logistics companies in the fields of domestic certified integrated logistics services, freight forwarding and warehouse service companies were found with downward trend, and overall, it is analyzed that the output compared to input factors has not reached an appropriate level. Third, the relative efficiency of the SMEs group is still 25~30% lower than the comparison groups. It is expected that we need to derive growth engines for SMEs, such as win-win cooperation between large and small companies. Forth, the relative DEA-SBM efficiency of the non-asset based group was high. It is necessary to introduce strategies to reduce non-current assets and increase net profit within the domestic logistics companies, and to introduce growth strategies that utilize M&A and direct investment used by global logistics companies.
In this study, due to the limitations of information gathering, efficiency was analyzed by input and output factors only with limited DMU and indicators in financial statements. If this shortcoming is complemented, it is expected that more empirical and objective policy proposals can be made.