시화호 인근 연안 퇴적물의 유기물 분해 특성, 저층 영양염 용출 및 조절요인 = Rates and Controls of Organic Matter Mineralization and Benthic Nutrient Release in the Coastal Sediment Near Lake Shihwa

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We investigated geochemical constituents of pore-water and sediment, rates of organic carbon (Corg) oxidation and sulfate reduction (SR), and benthic nutrient flux (BNF) to elucidate characteristic of Corg oxidation and its control in the coastal area near Lake Shihwa. The study sites were selected in the vicinity of Soraepogu (E0), Songdo tidalflat (E1) and Oido dock (E3) and in front of floodgate Shihwa tidal plant (E5). The Corg contents in the sediments and concentrations of ammonium and phosphate in pore water exhibited the highest value at EO, and gradually decreased toward the outer sea (E1, E3, E5). Rates of anaerobic Corg oxidation (260.6 mmol C m-2 d-1) and SR (91.4 mmol S m-2 d-1) at E0 were 4–9 and 6-54 times higher than at the site of outer sea (E1, E3, E5) . Rates of SR at E3 and E5 accounted for 11-23% of anaerobic Corg oxidation, whereas it comprised 47-70% of anaerobic Corg oxidation at E0 and E1. Rates of Corg oxidation and SR showed a highly positive correlation with the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (r2 = 0.795 and 0.777, respectively). The BNF at E0, E1, and E3 accounted for 120–510% and 26–178%, respectively, of the N and P required for primary production in the water column.
Overall results suggest that the Corg oxidation in the sediment controlled by concentration of dissolved organic carbon in the pore water and the excessive Corg oxidation stimulates the benthic nutrient flux, which may cause a phytoplankton bloom in the water column.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

시화호 인근 연안 퇴적물에서 유기물 분해 특성, 퇴적물로부터의 영양염 용출 및 주요 조절요인을 파악하기 위해 공극수와 퇴적물내 지화학 성분, 혐기성 유기물 분해율, 황산염 환원율 및 저층 영양염 용출률을 측정하였다. 연구정점은 소래포구 인근 정점(E0), 송도갯벌 정점(E1), 오이도 선착장 부근 정점(E3), 시화 조력발전소 수문 앞 정점(E5)으로 선정하였다. 유기탄소와 공극수 내 암모니아, 인산염 농도는 정점 E0에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 외측 해역(정점 E1, E3, E5)으로 갈수록 점진적으로 감소하였다. 혐기성유기물 분해율과 황산염 환원율은 정점 E0에서 각각 260.6 mmol C m-2 d-1와 91.4 mmol S m-2 d-1로 외측 정점들보다 각각 4–9배, 6 –54배 높게 나타났다. 혐기성 유기물 분해에서 황산염 환원이 차지하는 비율은 정점 E3, E5에서 11–23%로 미미한 것으로 나타났으나, 정점 E0, E1에서는 47-70%로 황산염 환원에 의해 혐기성 유기물 분해가 주도되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 혐기성 유기물분해율과 황산염 환원율은 용존 유기탄소와 상관성이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다(r2 = 0.795, 0.777). 한편, 정점 E0, E1, E3에서 퇴적물로부터 용출된 무기질소와 무기인은 각각 일차생산자가 요구하는 무기질소와 무기인의 120–510%와 26–178%를 공급하는것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은, 시화호 인근 연안 퇴적물 내 유기물 분해는 이용 가능한 용존 유기탄소의 공급에 의해 조절되고있으며, 과도한 유기물 분해는 저층 영양염 용출을 촉진시켜 부영양화를 야기할 수 있음을 의미한다

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