전략적 성과관리 체계가 대학 기술이전 효율성에 미치는 영향：PSM－2단계 DEA 결합 모형을 중심으로 = The Effects of Strategic Performance Management System on the Technology Transfer Efficiencies of Universities：Based on the PSM－2stage DEA Combined Model

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

[Purpose]The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of strategic performance management system on technology transfer efficiencies of universities. Technology transfer can be classified into ‘technology accumulation’ stage, which generates patents through research and development, and ‘technology diffusion’ stage, which generates profits through technology transfer activities.
[Methodology]This study used university information disclosure data collected from the Higher Education Statistics Agency and conducted a two－stage DEA to analyze the efficiencies of technology transfer. In addition, PSM was performed before the two－stage DEA to control external factors and to eliminate sample selection bias.
[Findings]The results show that, in the technology accumulation stage, the universities that establish the strategic performance management system were less efficient than universities that do not, but they were more efficient in the technology diffusion stage.
[Implications]This study shows that universities can improve the efficiency of technology transfer by establishing a strategic performance management system in technology transfer field. In other words, to increase the efficiency of technology transfer, it is necessary to strengthen the strategic linkage from the technology accumulation stage, and a smooth communication system should be established between the TLO and the researchers through the establishment of the strategy map.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

[연구목적]대학에서 제3의 역할로 인식되어왔던 경제적 역할이 점차 중요해지고 있다. 대학이 창출한 연구 성과들이 기존 기업 및 신생 기업에 이전되어 지역혁신체계의 혁신 원천으로 부각되었기 때문이다. 하지만 대학의 경제적 역할에 대해 조직적으로 수행하는 성과관리 체계가 기술이전 효율성에 미치는 연구는 거의 찾아볼 수가 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 전략적 성과관리 체계가 대학의 기술이전 효율성에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하고자 한다.
[연구방법]기술이전은 크게 연구개발을 통해 특허를 창출하는 ‘기술 축적’ 단계와 기술이전 활동을 통해 수익을 창출하는 ‘기술 확산’ 단계로 구분할 수 있다. 본 연구는 기술이전 단계별 효율성 분석을 위해 대학정보공시센터에서 제공하는 대학별 공시자료를 사용하여 2단계 DEA를 실시하였다. 또한, 외부 요인의 통제와 표본 선택 편의를 제거하고자 2단계 DEA 수행 전에 PSM을 실시하였다.
[연구결과]분석결과, 기술 축적 단계에서는 전략적 성과관리 체계를 확립한 대학이 그렇지 못한 대학보다 효율성이 낮았으나, 기술 확산 단계에서는 효율성이 높게 나타났다. 전략적 성과관리 체계를 확립한 대학은 기술 축적 단계에서 무분별한 특허출원을 지양하고 상용화하여 성과를 창출할 수 있는 양질의 지재권 확보에 집중하는 한편, 기술 확산 단계에서는 기술이전 전담부서를 통해 기술정보의 관리, 기술 마케팅, 중개 협상 등을 전략적으로 지원하여 기술이전 효율성을 높인다.
[연구의 시사점] 본 연구는 대학도 기술이전 분야에 전략적 성과관리 체계를 수립하여 기술이전 효율성을 높일 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 즉, 기술이전 효율성을 제고하기 위해서는 기술 축적 단계에서부터 전략 연계성을 강화해야하며, 전략 맵 구축 등을 통한 TLO조직과 연구자 간 원활한 의사소통 체계를 확립해야 한다.

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