Selectivity control for CO2 hydrogenation has been increasingly focused to utilize its product into building blocks for value-added chemicals and fuels with the environmental demand for decreasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. In supported metal cata...
Selectivity control for CO2 hydrogenation has been increasingly focused to utilize its product into building blocks for value-added chemicals and fuels with the environmental demand for decreasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. In supported metal catalysis, catalytic behaviors can be well-controlled by metal-support interactions. In this study, effects of oxide supports on selectivity control for thermal CO2 hydrogenation were investigated over Co- and Rh-based catalysts under ambient pressure. Supported Co and Rh catalysts generally favor CH4 production due to a strong atomic adsorption of H* onto the metal surface, however by tuning metal-support interactions, the selectivity could be well-controlled between CO and CH4.
As a foundation, previous studies on CO2 hydrogenation and its selectivity were investigated in chapter 1. The research goal of this thesis was also explained. In chapter 2, experimental methods of the preparation, activity tests and analysis of the result, and the characterization of the catalysts were described. The working principle of the characterization techniques were also demonstrated.
In chapter 3, Co catalysts supported on CeO2 nanoparticles were explored according to the calcination treatment conducted on the support before impregnating Co species. Co surface has been highly reported for its capability for CO2 methanation with a high selectivity. By calcining CeO2 support at an unusually high temperature, i.e. 1000℃, however, the CO-selectivity was significantly enhanced over Co/CeO2 catalyst. Based on in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and detailed characterizations on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), it was suggested that O-vacancies on the highly reduced CeO2-x support formed by H-spillover from a Co surface during pre-reduction promoted CO formation in the catalyst, which is rare in the current literatures.
In the following chapter 4 and 5, Rh catalysts supported on various reducible oxides; ZnO, TiO2, and ZnTiO3 were studied. It was revealed that Rh/ZnO and Rh/TiO2 were highly selective towards CO and CH4 with the respective selectivity over 97%. Based on operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) performed at CO2 hydrogenation condition, CO* chemisorbed onto a Rh metal surface was observed and gradually removed with the generation of CH4 over Rh/TiO2, which proposes a consecutive route converting CO* to CH4. In contrast, a negligible CO* adsorption is observed over Rh/ZnO with an elevated spectrum baseline. It conducts the electron transfer from Rh to ZnO mediated by H-spillover, which enables the catalyst to produce CO selectively. The detailed mechanism governing the selectivity control is suggested. The generation of a RhxZny metal alloy during pre-reduction was corroborated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), XPS, and H2-temperature programmed reduction (TPR), though the effect of it needs to be further investigated (Chapter 4).
Meanwhile, the Rh catalyst supported on ZnTiO3 was applied for selective CO2 hydrogenation to comprehend the support effect in Rh catalysts. Over Rh/ZnTiO3 catalyst, high CO-selectivity over 97% was achieved, which is similar to Rh/ZnO catalyst. However, the formation of Rh-CO bond was unexpectedly confirmed during CO2 hydrogenation by operando DRIFTS. Based on scanning TEM (STEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), a RhZnxTiy metal nanoparticle encapsulated by the support over-layer was observed. It was assumed that H* chemisorption on the metal surface was perturbed by the catalyst structure, which disturbs the hydrogenation of CO* (Chapter 5).
In the last chapter 6, summary of the works and its limitation were shown with the future research direction.