토지이용별 전국 농경지 토양물리적 특성

국문 초록 (Abstract)

시설재배지는 주로 하성평탄지 등 평평한 지형에 분포하며, 밭과 과수원은 곡간 및 선상지, 구릉지 및 산악지, 산록 경사지 등 경사지에 분포한다. 논은 곡간 및 선상지, 하성평탄지, 하해혼성평탄지 등 비교적 완만한 경사에 위치한다. 이처럼 토지이용별로 분포하는 지형이 각기 다르기 때문에 토지이용별로 물리성 기준을 설정하고 관리하는 것이 필요하다. 시설재배지는 배수 및 양수분의 수직이동에 유의하여야 하며, 경사지는 침식과 양분유출에 대비하여 관리하여야 한다.
토지이용별로 토양 물리성 평균은 다음과 같다. 시설재배지는 표토심이 16.2 cm, 표토에 대한 물리성은 항목별로 경도 9.0 mm, 용적밀도 1.09 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, 유기물함량 29.0 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, 심토에 대한 물리성은 항목별로 경도 19.8 mm, 용적 밀도 1.32 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, 유기물함량 29.5 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP> 이었다. 뿌리가 얕게 뻗는 작물에 대해서 표토심이 낮고 용적밀도가 높은 값을 보였다. 밭은 표토심이 13.3 cm, 표토에 대한 물리성은 항목별로 경도 11.3 mm, 용적밀도 1.33 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, 유기물 함량 20.6 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP> (표토), 심토에 대한 물리성은 항목별로 경도 18.8 mm, 용적밀도 1.52 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, 유기물함량 13.0 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP> 이었다. 작물별로 물리성 평균치는 엽채류 〈 과채류 〈 장근채 ≒ 단근채 순으로 값을 보였다. 과수원은 표토심이 15.4 cm, 표토에 대한 물리성은 경도 16.1 mm, 용적밀도 1.25 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, 유기물함량은 표토 28.5 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, 심토에 대한 물리성은 경도 19.8 mm, 용적밀도 1.41 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, 유기물함량 15.9 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP> 이었다. 조사지점이 가장 많았던 과수 배는 표토심 14.4 cm, 경도 16.4 mm (표토), 19.7 mm (심토), 용적밀도 1.23 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP> (표토), 1.40 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP> (심토) 으로 평균에 근접한 값을 보였으며, 포도는 표토심 17.0 cm 경도 16.7mm (표토), 20.0 mm (심토), 용적밀도 1.31 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP> (표토), 1.45 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP> (심토) 로 비교적 큰 값을 보였다. 논은 표토심이 17.5 cm, 표토에 대한 물리성은 항목별로 경도가 15.3mm, 용적밀도가 1.22 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, 유기물 함량은 23.5 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, 심토에 대한 물리성은 항목별로 경도 20.3 mm, 용적밀도 1.47 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, 유기물 함량 17.5 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP> 이었다. 토지이용별로 용적밀도 평균치는 시설재배지 〈 논 〈 과수원 〈 밭 순이었으며, 용적밀도 값의 분포는 표토는 1.0~1.25 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>에서 가장 많았으며, 심토는 밭토양과 논토양은 1.50 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP> 이상에서 50% 내외, 과수원토양은 1.35~1.50 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>에서 40%로 가장 많았고, 시설재배지는 1.0~1.50 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>에 고루 분포하였다. 토성 (속)별로는 대체로 식질에서 작은 값을 보였고, 미사식양질과 사질에 큰 값을 보였다. 토지이용과 토성에 따라 물리성 차이가 분명하였으며, 따라서 이러한 특성을 고려하여 토양 물리성 관리 기준을 설정하여 건전한 작물생육 환경을 유지하고 조성하는 것이 필요하겠다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Soil physical properties determine soil quality in aspect of root growth, infiltration, water and nutrient holding capacity. Although the monitoring of soil physical properties is important for sustainable agricultural production, there were few studies. This study was conducted to investigate the condition of soil physical properties of arable land according to land use across the country. The work was investigated on plastic film house soils, upland soils, orchard soils, and paddy soils from 2008 to 2011, including depth of topsoil, bulk density, hardness, soil texture, and organic matter. The average physical properties were following; In plastic film house soils, the depth of topsoil was 16.2 cm. For the topsoils, hardness was 9.0 mm, bulk density was 1.09 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, and organic matter content was 29.0 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>. For the subsoils, hardness was 19.8 mm, bulk density was 1.32 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, and organic matter content was 29.5 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP> In upland soils, depth of topsoil was 13.3 cm. For the topsoils, hardness was 11.3 mm, bulk density was 1.33 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, and organic matter content was 20.6 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>. For the subsoils, hardness was 18.8 mm, bulk density was 1.52 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, and organic matter content was 13.0 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>. Classified by the types of crop, soil physical properties were high value in a group of deep-rooted vegetables and a group of short-rooted vegetables soil, but low value in a group of leafy vegetables soil; In orchard soils, the depth of topsoil was 15.4 cm. For the topsoils, hardness was 16.1 mm, bulk density was 1.25 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, and organic matter content was 28.5 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>. For the subsoils, hardness was 19.8 mm, bulk density was 1.41 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, and organic matter content was 15.9 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP> In paddy soils, the depth of topsoil was 17.5 cm. For the topsoils, hardness was 15.3 mm , bulk density was 1.22 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, and organic matter content was 23.5 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>. For the subsoils, hardness was 20.3 mm, bulk density was 1.47 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, and organic matter content was 17.5 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>. The average of bulk density was plastic film house soils 〈 paddy soils 〈 orchard soils 〈 upland soils in order, according to land use. The bulk density value of topsoils is mainly distributed in 1.0~1.25 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP>. The bulk density value of subsoils is mostly distributed in more than 1.50, 1.35~1.50, and 1.0~1.50 Mg m<SUP>-3</SUP> for upland and paddy soils, orchard soils, and plastic film house soils, respectively. Classified by soil textural family, there was lower bulk density in clayey soil, and higher bulk density in fine silty and sandy soil. Soil physical properties and distribution of topography were different classified by the types of land use and growing crops. Therefore, we need to consider the types of land use and crop for appropriate soil management.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 서언
• 재료 및 방법
• 결과 및 고찰
• 요약
• 인용문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

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