Modern physics for the engineer|RISS 상세보기

목차 (Table of Contents)

CONTENTS
Foreword = ⅶ
Preface = ⅸ
Introduction = 1
PART 1. THE LAWS OF NATURE

CONTENTS
Foreword = ⅶ
Preface = ⅸ
Introduction = 1
PART 1. THE LAWS OF NATURE
1 Relativity and the Foundations of Mechanics = 11
1.1 Introduction = 11
1.2 The Classical Principle of Relativity = 12
1.2.1 Geometry = 12
1.2.2 Kinematics = 14
1.2.3 Dynamics = 19
1.3 The Conflict between the Classical Principle of Relativity and Electromagnetic Theory = 25
1.4 The Special Principle of Relativity = 28
1.4.1 Optics = 28
1.4.2 Mechanics = 33
1.4.3 Gravitation = 37
1.5 The General Theory of Relativity = 38
1.6 Relativistic Cosmology = 41
2 Atomic Structure = 43
2.1 Development of the Concept of the Atom = 43
2.2 Electrons = 44
2.3 The Rutherford―Bohr Nuclear Atom Model = 45
2.4 Atomic Number and Atomic Weight ； Isotopes = 51
2.5 Protons and Neutrons = 53
2.6 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table = 53
2.7 Atomic Spectra ； the Vector Model = 58
2.8 Failures of the Old Quantum Theory = 60
2.9 The Uncertainty Principle and Complementarity = 62
2.10 Wave Packets and Quantum Mechanics = 66
3 Physics of the Solid State = 69
3.1 Introduction = 69
3.2 Elementary Atomic Principles = 71
3.3 The Ideal Solid Types = 73
3.4 The Electronic Structure of Solids = 74
Means of Altering the Electron Distribution
3.5 Influence of Temperature = 84
3.6 Influence of Light = 84
3.7 Other Means of Exciting Electrons = 86
Properties Determined by the Ideal Solid
3.8 Cohesion = 86
3.9 Elastic Constants = 87
3.10 Atomic Frequencies = 88
3.11 Specific Heats of Crystalline Solids = 88
3.12 Phase Changes = 89
3.13 Electrical Conductivity = 90
3.14 Magnetism = 90
Imperfections in the Interior of Crystals
3.15 Phonons = 92
3.16 Free Electrons and Holes = 93
3.17 Excitons = 93
3.18 Vacancies and Interstitial Atoms = 94
3.19 Foreign Atoms = 94
3.20 Dislocations = 95
4 Magnetism = 97
4.1 Types of Magnetic Behavior = 97
4.2 Paramagnetism = 100
4.3 Ferromagnetism = 101
4.4 Ferromagnetic Domains = 104
4.5 Coercive Force = 111
4.6 Reversible Permeability = 113
4.7 The Bloch Wall = 113
4.8 Frequency Dependence of Magnetic Phenomena = 116
4.9 Magnetic Materials = 118
4.10 Antiferromagnetism = 118
4.11 Ferrites = 122
5 Microwave Spectroscopy = 125
5.1 Introduction = 125
5.2 Spectroscopy in Gases = 128
5.3 Paramagnetic Resonance = 133
6 Nuclear Structure and Transmutation = 140
6.1 Atoms and Nuclei = 140
6.2 Elementary Particles and Nuclear Constituents = 142
6.3 Notation of Nuclear Physics = 146
6.4 Techniques of Nuclear Research = 147
6.5 Protons and Neutrons as Nucleons = 152
6.6 The Deuteron and Nuclear Forces = 156
6.7 Nuclear Binding Energy and Stability = 156
6.8 Nuclearenergy Release = 162
6.9 Nuclear Transformations = 163
6.10 Excited States of Nuclei = 169
6.11 Nuclear Shell Structure = 171
7 Electronuclear Machines = 173
7.1 Historical Introduction = 173
7.2 The Van de Graaff Generator = 174
7.3 The Betatron = 177
7.4 The Fixed―frequency Cyclotron = 183
7.5 The Principle of Phase Stability = 184
7.6 Synchrotron Oscillations = 188
7.7 Linear Accelerators = 191
8 The Actinide Elements and Nuclear Power = 197
8.1 Introduction = 197
8.2 Transuranium Elements = 198
8.2.1 Neptunium （Atomic Number 93） = 198
8.2.2 Plutonium （Atomic Number 94） = 199
8.2.3 Americium （Atomic Number 95） = 201
8.2.4 Curium （Atomic Number 96） = 202
8.2.5 Berkelium （Atomic Number 97） = 203
8.2.6 Californium （Atomic Number 98） = 203
8.2.7 Elements 99 and 100 = 204
8.3 Actinide Transition Series = 205
8.4 Nuclear Energy for Power = 213
8.4.1 General Considerations = 213
8.4.2 Reproduction Factor and Critical Size = 216
8.4.3 Scientific and Engineering Problems = 217
8.4.4 Production Reactors = 219
8.4.5 Power Reactors = 220
8.4.6 Economic Considerations = 221
9 Elementary Particles = 223
9.1 Introduction = 223
9.2 Selection Rules on Transformation Processes = 224
9.3 Forces of Interaction between Particles = 226
9.4 Catalogue of Familiar Particles = 226
9.4.1 Negative Electrons, Neutrons, and Protons = 226
9.4.2 The Neutrino = 227
9.4.3 The Positron = 227
9.4.4 Photons = 228
9.5 Processes Involving These Particles = 228
9.6 Mesons and Their Reactions = 229
PART 2. MAN'S PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
10 Astrophysics = 235
10.1 Introduction = 235
10.2 The Stars = 236
10.3 Stellar Lifetimes and Evolution = 237
10.4 Structure of the Galaxy. Interstellar Gas and Dust = 238
10.5 The Theory of the Spectroscopic Analysis of the Stars = 243
10.6 The Technique and Limitations of Astronomical Spectroscopy = 246
10.7 Spectral Classification ； Ionization and Excitation in Normal Stars = 251
10.8 Abundances of the Elements in Normal Stars = 254
10.9 The Spectra of Abnormal Stars = 258
10.10 The Internal Structure of a Star = 259
10.11 The Energy―generation Processes in Normal Stars = 263
10.12 Correlations of Energygeneration Processes and the Spectroscopic Features of the Star = 265
10.13 Abundance Differences Depending on the Origin of the Stars = 269
11 High―pressure Phenomena with Applications to Geophysics = 272
11.1 Introduction = 272
11.2 Elements of Highpressure Technique = 274
Effects of Pressure on Some Selected Physical Properties
11.3 Effects on Crystal Structure = 279
11.4 Effects on Atomic Structure = 282
11.5 Effects on Nuclear Structure = 283
11.6 Electrical Resistivity = 283
11.7 Viscosity = 286
11.8 Elastic Constants = 287
11.9 Strength and Plasticity = 288
Geophysical Implications of High―pressure Results
11.10 Composition of the Earth = 293
11.11 Temperatures in the Earth = 294
11.12 Origin of the Earth's Magnetic Field = 294
11.13 Fracture and Flow in the Earth = 295
11.14 Origin of the Earth's Surface Features = 302
12 The Earth beneath the Sea = 306
12.1 Introduction = 306
12.2 Echo Sounding and Submarine Topography = 309
12.3 Seismic Methods of Exploring the Crust and Mantle = 316
12.4 Heat Flow from beneath the Sea Floor = 320
12.5 Deepsea Sediments = 324
13 Thunderstorms and Lightning Strokes = 330
13.1 Introduction = 330
13.2 The Thunderstorm Cell = 331
13.3 Mechanisms of Thunderstorm Electrification = 336
13.4 Characteristics of Typical Thunderstorms and Lightning Discharges = 337
13.5 Generation of Lightning Strokes = 351
14 Transient Phenomena in Supersonic Flow = 358
14.1 Experimental Methods = 358
14.2 Characteristics of a Shock Front = 359
14.3 Reflection of Shocks from a Rigid Wall = 363
14.4 Refraction at a Gaseous Interface = 370
14.5 Diffraction = 372
PART 3. INFORMATION AND ITS COMMUNICATION
15 Electrons and Waves = 381
15.1 Introduction = 381
15.2 The Emission of Free Electrons = 382
15.3 Returning Electrons = 383
15.4 Control of Electrons near the Cathode = 384
15.5 Origin of Electronstream Noise = 386
15.6 Flow of Electron Streams = 387
15.7 Electron Optics = 388
15.8 Interaction between Electron Streams and Electromagnetic Fields = 390
15.9 Currents Induced by Electron Motion = 391
15.10 Energy Interchange for Finite Transit Times = 392
15.11 Traveling Waves in Electron Streams = 395
15.12 Guided Electromagnetic Waves = 396
16 Semiconductor Electronics = 400
16.1 Introduction = 400
16.2 Types of Semiconductors = 400
16.3 Energy Bands = 403
16.4 Carrier Concentrations = 404
16.5 Lifetime of Minority Carriers = 405
16.6 Photoconductivity = 406
16.7 Nature of Flow = 406
16.8 Applications of Photoconductivity = 408
16.9 The Germanium Diode = 410
16.10 The Point―contact Transistor = 411
16.11 The Haynes―Shockley Mobility Experiment = 412
16.12 pn Junctions = 414
16.13 Junction Transistors = 417
16.14 Fused―junction Diodes and Transistors = 422
16.15 Unipolar Devices = 424
17 Communication Theory and the Transmission of Information = 427
17.1 Introduction = 427
17.2 Information Measure : The Discrete Noiseless Case = 432
17.2.1 The Unit of Information = 432
17.2.2 Selection from N Equally Likely Choices = 433
17.2.3 Information Measure When the Choices Are Not Equally Likely = 434
17.2.4 Source or Code Efficiency = 437
17.2.5 Nonindependent Symbols = 438
17.3 The Discrete Source with a Noisy Channel = 440
17.3.1 Measure of Equivocation = 441
17.3.2 Channel Capacity = 442
17.3.3 Coding against Noise = 442
17 4 Transmission in the Presence of Noise : Continuous Signals = 443
17.4.1 The Sampling Theorem = 443
17.4.2 Measure of Information for Continuous Signals = 443
17.4.3 Channel Capacity for Continuous Signals in the Presence of Noise = 444
17.5 Interpretation of the Channelcapacity Formula = 445
17.5.1 Geometric Interpretation of the Communication Process = 446
17.5.2 Modulation as Mapping in Signal Space = 447
17.5.3 Pulse Code Modulation An Efficient Modulation System = 448
17.6 Coding for Transmission = 450
17.6.1 Statistically Matched Codes = 451
17.6.2 n―Gramming = 452
17.6.3 The Monogrammer = 452
17.6.4 The Digrammer = 453
17.6.5 More Elaborate Coding Systems = 454
18 Computing Machines and the Processing of Information = 455
Historical Introduction
18.1 Meaning of the Term “Highspeed Automatic Digital Computer” = 455
18.2 Desk Computers = 457
18.3 The Work of Charles Babbage = 457
18.4 Punched―card Machines = 459
18.5 Relay Computers = 459
18.6 The ENIAC = 460
Computing Machines and Their Application
18.7 The Parts of a Machine = 460
18.7.1 General Organization = 460
18.7.2 Arithmetic Unit = 461
18.7.3 High―speed Storage Unit = 461
18.7.4 Control Unit = 461
18.7.5 Input and Output Equipment = 461
18.8 General Design Considerations = 462
18.8.1 Representation of Numbers in the Machine = 462
18.8.2 Placement of the Decimal （or Binary） Point = 463
18.8.3 "Serial" and "Parallel" Operation = 464
18.8.4 Choice of the Order Code = 465
18.9 A Typical Machine : the ORDVAC = 465
18.9.1 Arithmetic Unit of the ORDVAC = 467
18.9.2 High―speed Storage = 469
18.9.3 Control = 470
18.9.4 Arithmetic = 472
18.9.5 Power Supplies = 473
18.9.6 Performance = 474
18.10 Programming and Coding = 474
18.11 Prospects for Future Development = 479
18.11.1 New Storage Media = 480
18.11.2 Real―time Operation. Simulation = 482
18.12 Digital Machines in Business and Industry = 483
The Social Implications of Information Machines
18.13 The "Second Industrial Revolution" = 486
18.14 The Natural History of Machines = 486
18.15 Results of the Second Industrial Revolution = 489
Name Index = 491
Subject Index = 495

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