아동성폭력 피해 가능성 평가기준 개발 및 타당화 = Development and Validation of Assessment Standard for Determining Probability of Child Sexual Abuse

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aims of this study was to develop and validate assessment standard for determining probability of child sexual abuse. In study 1, assessment standard was developed. For this aims, 307 alleged sexual abuse cases which were composed of 2～12 years old were assigned to one of objective evidence group, objective evidence and behavior․context evidence group, behavior․context evidence group, and no-evidence group. Emotional response(congruous emotional response to statement content), statement credibility elements(quantity of details, contextual details, interactions between victim-perpetrator, unusual or specific or declare details), first disclosure type, and clinical symptom(ex. reexperience, hyper-arousal, avoidance, depression, anxiety, increased sexual behavior) were included in dependent variables. These variables were commonly used by experts to assessment the possibility of child sexual abuse. In result of group difference analysis, the groups that objective or behavior․context evidence existed were higher than no-evidence group in emotional response, statement credibility elements, and first disclosure type. Among clinical symptoms, only in acute stress reaction symptom both behavior․context evidence exist group were higher than no evidence group, and objective group was located between behavior․context group and no-evidence group. In age-inappropriate sexual behavior, objective group and no evidence group were higher than both behavior․context evidence exist group. In result of binary logistic regression for discriminant variable to evidence group versus no-evidence group, weighted model was 〔emotional response score×2 + statement credibility score + first disclosure score + subjective distress level during exposure to stimuli related to sexual abuse event×2〕for preschool age, and cutoff point was determined score 6. Weighted model was 〔emotional response score×4 + statement credibility score〕, and cutoff point was determined score 8 for school age. The aims of study 2 validated new assessment standard. For this aims, 101 alleged sexual abuse cases were classified evidence group versus no-evidence group. And the hit ratio were analysis between evidence based group classification and new assessment standard based group classification. In result, in both age group the hit ratios were more than 90%, and Kappa coefficients were relatively high. And, New assessment standard was revealed higher correct classify rate than CBCA. Consequently, new developed assessment standard for determining probability of child sexual abuse was validated. Implications of these findings were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 아동성폭력 피해 가능성 평가기준을 개발하고 타당화하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 1은 아동성폭력 피해 가능성 평가기준의 개발 단계로, 만2세 이상～만13세 미만의 성폭력 의심사례 307건을 객관증거와 행동정황증거의 유무를 기준으로 증거존재집단(객관증거집단, 객관-행동정황증거집단, 행동정황증거집단)과 증거부재집단으로 분류한 후 관련 전문가들이 아동성폭력 피해 가능성 평가를 위해 사용하고 있는 기준들이 두 집단을 유의하게 변별해주지를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 진술 시에 아동이 나타낸 감정반응, 진술신빙성점수, 및 최초진술동기에서 증거존재집단이 증거부재집단에 비해 유의하게 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 임상증상 중에서는 급성스트레스증상에서만 행동정황증거가 존재하는 두 집단이 증거부재집단에 비해 높은 점수를 보였고, 객관증거집단은 이들의 중간 정도에 위치하였다. 연령에 부적절한 성행동 증가는 증거부재집단이 증거존재집단에 비해 유의하게 높은 점수를 보였다. 그 밖의 임상증상에서는 집단 간 차이가 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 변별변인을 탐색하기 위한 로지스틱 회귀분석 및 ROC 분석을 토대로 학령전기의 변별모델을〔진술감정×2 + 진술신빙성요소 + 최초진술동기 + 자극노출 시 주관적 고통감×2〕, 그리고 이 연령대의 기준점수를 6점으로 결정하였고, 학령기의 변별모델을〔진술감정×4 + 진술신빙성요소〕, 그리고 기준점수를 8점으로 결정하였다. 연구 2는 연구 1에서 개발한 평가기준의 타당화단계로, 101명의 성폭력 피해 의심아동 사례를 증거존재집단과 증거부재집단으로 구분한 후 새로 개발된 기준을 사용한 분류와의 일치율을 검증하였다. 그 결과 학령전기의 분류정확률이 95.7%였으며, 학령기의 분류정확률은 90.1%이었고, 두 연령대 모두 카파 계수와 민감도 및 특정도가 만족스럽게 나타났다. 널리 활용되고 있는 진술분석기법인 CBCA 점수를 통한 집단 분류 정확률과 새로 개발된 평가기준을 통한 분류정확률을 비교한 결과, 새로 개발된 평가기준의 정확률이 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 연구의 시사점과 의의, 제한점, 및 후속연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

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