This study aimed to examine the current status of entry into long-term care levels, charateristics based on entry status, and the period of entry into long-term care levels. additionally, the study sought to present the risk ratio of entry into long-t...
This study aimed to examine the current status of entry into long-term care levels, charateristics based on entry status, and the period of entry into long-term care levels. additionally, the study sought to present the risk ratio of entry into long-term care levels based on the charlson’s comorbidity index. the study aimed to conduct a retrospective cohort study to explore the time to entry into long-term care levels and factors influencing entry within the cohort of individuals aged 65 to 75 of 2012, tracked for 11 years until December 31, 2022. the study utilized data from the National Health Insurance Service(NHIS) and included a total of 3,262,279 subjects. the main analysis methods included conducting descriptive statistical to confirm and compare the general characteristics and distribution of entrants and non-entrants into long-term care levels. additionally, Cox-regression was performed to examine the hazard ratio(HR) between the comorbidity index and entry into long-term care levels. all analysis in this study were conducted using SAS 9.4 version(SAS Inc., Cary, USA), and a significance level of less then 0.05 was applied.
The study participants comprised 3,262,279 individuals, with 55.6% being female and 44.4% male. the average age was 70.2 years. Among them, 17.7%(578,576 people) individuals, entered the long-term care levels during the study period. In case where entry occurred, the initial level was predominantly level 4, accounting for 45.7%, and the average entry period was 7.4 years. In 2012, the distribution of comorbidities among study subjects was Chronic pulmonary disease. Based on the comorbidity index group in 2012, 12.4% of cases had a score of 0 and were in the long-term care levels, while 23.6% of cases with a level of 3 or more were in the long-term care levels, showing a statistically significant difference.
The results of survival analysis applying the Cox proportional hazards model revealed that, in the case of females, the hazard ratio(HR) for entry into long-term care level was 1.22 times higher. Additionally, with each one-year increase in age, the HR increased by 1.19. There was also an observed trend of higher HR for entry into long-term care level as income levels decreased. Regarding geographical location, the HR for entry into long-term care level was 1.16 higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. Furthermore, individuals with fractures in the spine and pelvis had a 1.51 times higher HR, and in groups with a comorbidity index score of 3 or more, the HR for entry into long-term care level was significantly higher at 1.86 compared to the group with a score of 0.
Furthermore, based on the top 5 comorbid conditions with a high prevalence among individuals entering long-term care grades (dementia, hemiplegia or paraplegia, renal disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes with chronic complication), Cox regression was conducted, considering the presence or absence of each condition. The results confirmed differences in the hazard ratio (HR) for entry into long-term care levels based on the presence or absence of each condition. Particularly noteworthy were the higher HRs for hemiplegia (3.08 times), renal disease (2.15 times), and dementia (2.06 times), compared to the reference of a comorbidity index score of 3 or more (1.86 times). This indicates significant variations in the risk of entering long-term care levels based on the presence of specific comorbidities.
In conclusion, to delay entry into long-term care levels, enhancing intrinsic capacities through health management and preventing functional decline are essential. Achieving healthy aging is crucial, requiring both individual health management and various policy efforts to be successful.