벨리즈의 식민 권력과 목재 산업: 마호가니 나무의 벌목을 중심으로 = Colonial Power and the Timber Industry in Belize: Focusing on the logging of mahogany trees

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The history of the Baymen, from pirates to logwood and mahogany loggers to oligarchs, is an interesting one. As pirates, the Baymen were originally a very egalitarian group that rebelled against the hierarchy of society. They were democratic in the way they chose their leaders and had a very weak sense of racism. However, their sense of equality began to erode when they settled in the Bay of Honduras and began to make money from logging logwood and mahogany. This is why they actively engaged in slavery during the logging process.
The origins of the current Belizean oligarchy can be traced to this small group of loggers. They enjoyed wealth and power during the colonial period. Their descendants are still benefiting from the colonial legacy today, and they are blocking democracy in Belize. These issues are not new to Koreans with colonial experience. But their socioeconomic conditions were certainly different, and they created a unique social system. In this respect, the movement to stop the logging of mahogany and protect Belize’s forests will inevitably have to go hand in hand with addressing land monopolies and oligarchy.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

해적에서 로그우드와 마호가니 벌목업자 그리고 과두정치 집단으로 이어지는 베이맨의 역사는 흥미롭다. 베이맨으로 통칭되는 이들은 원래 해적으로서 사회의 위계질서에 저항하는 매우 평등주의적인 집단이었다. 그들은 자신들의 지도자를 뽑는 과정에서 민주적인 모습을 보였으며, 인종 차별과 같은 의식도 매우 약했다. 하지만 온두라스만에 정착해 로그우드와 마호가니 벌목으로 돈을 벌기 시작하면서 이들의 평등 의식은 약해지기 시작했다. 벌목 과정에서 그들이 노예제도를 적극적으로 끌어들였던 것도 이와 관련이 있다.
현재 벨리즈 과두 정치의 기원은 바로 이 소수의 벌목 집단에서 찾을 수 있다. 그들은 식민지 기간에 부와 권력을 누렸다. 그들의 후손은 지금도 여전히 식민 유산의 혜택을 고스란히 누리고 있으며, 벨리즈의 민주주의를 가로막고 있다. 이런 문제는 사실 식민 경험을 지닌 우리에게 아주 새로운 것은 아니다. 하지만 이들의 사회경제적 조건은 분명 우리와 달랐으며 그 속에서 독특한 사회 체제를 만들어냈다. 마호가니의 벌목을 막고 벨리즈의 숲을 보호하기 위한 운동은 이런 점에서 볼 때 필연적으로 토지 독점, 과두 정치의 개선과 함께 진행되어야만 효과를 거둘 수 있을 것이다.

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