경주시 도심 쇠퇴현상 진단과 도심재생 방안에 관한 연구 -경주시를 중심으로-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Study on Diagnosis on the Urban Declination Figure of Gyeong-Ju City and Urban Readjustment Plan
-Focused on Gyeong-Ju City-

Jae Won Jung

Department of Urban Engineering
The Graduate School
Gyeong-Ju University

(Supervised by Professor Kyung Dae Kim)

(Abstract)
Urban readjustment is aimed to raise the area’s habitability and competitiveness while keeping unique characteristics of the area, not reproducing and expanding the realignment of urban environment with its size such as reconstruction and redevelopment etc. by spot developments in the meantime. Therefore, the readjustment has an assignment of having to accept various needs such like environmental repair in the physical aspect, economic infrastructures revival in the socioeconomic aspect and inhabit environment improvement for residents etc.
In case of the downtown of Gyeong-Ju City, urban problems same as deterioration and vitality decline etc. of urban district center are being occurred along with suburbanization figure, and many obstacles in the urban adjustment and growth are being followed owing to designation of all kinds of protection areas and districts. Specially, the spatial structure problems from new city development at railway station sphere owing to opening of high-speed railroad is connected to the occurrence of hollowing phenomenon of the downtown and further contains probability of more seriousness in the problem of downtown declination.
This study will review urban space’s problems and an urban readjustment plan which can solve the hollowing phenomenon through downtown analysis in Gyeong-Ju City where is being declined because of these environmental changes and regulations. The purpose of this thesis: First, this study is aimed to analyze population and socioeconomic factors for grasping downtown characteristics in the area of Gyeong-Ju, urban special characteristic through downtown investigation and the status and causes of downtown declination Second, the study intends to raise competitiveness of the downtown by suggesting improvable methods of downtown declination, and preventing hollowing phenomenon and enabling it do a base of continuous urban development.
The study investigated detailed situations and resident opinions which were difficult to ensure by general field investigation through consciousness survey of downtown residents and use citizens. Composition of the questionnaire was tried to extract declination reasons of downtown by diagnosing of downtown declination after evaluating on the present downtown area from its general affairs. As the analytical results of downtown declination reasons in Gyeong-Ju City based on citizen consciousness investigation along with these analyzed statistic data, the reasons were composed of the following 4 kinds: First, insufficiency in infra facility’s expansion and their repairs; Second, repair shortage on resident environment; Third, insufficient leisure facilities and repair shortage; Fourth, various regulations relating to cultural assets and historical culture landscape. Specially, the regulations on the preservation of ancient capital and cultural assets were causing inconveniences in actual lives and adding citizens’damages such as drop in real estate value, loss of developmental opportunity, incarceration of architectures and quality decrease in resident environment etc. So, this study analyzed that systematic arrangement on the regulations from laws and institutions should be preferential along with residents’assistance methods.
Accordingly, this study recognizes the comprehensive factors of urban declination as related laws of historical culture landscape (The Law for Ancient Capital Preservation), and suggests urban readjustment plans in physical/environmental aspects, industrial/economic ones and social/cultural aspects.
First, as a urban readjustment plan in physical/environmental aspects to solve problems of urban environment declination, the study suggested establishment of circulation systems in outer/inner roads at downtown and stability of life basements through readjustment of incarcerated resident areas as a propelling assignment, and thus intended to create urban spaces which were condensed and high in efficiency.
Second, the study tried to establish self-sufficient economic bases by activating large traditional markets which had big ripple effects to regional economy while constructing bases of tourism industry which could be said as a basic industry in the region from industrial/economic aspects so as to solve declination problem in the regional economy.
Third, from social/cultural aspects so as to readjust characteristics of the downtown itself, the study intended to establish cultural infrastructure for creating regional culture environment along with forming urban landscapes for securing identity as historical culture Gyeong-Ju City, and thus induce quality improvement of life to be possible while sustaining socio-cultural characteristics of the area itself.
The most important tasks for urban adjustment are legal/institutional policies, and the loss of asset value in the preservation districts shall be compensated by introducing transaction system of floor area ratio so as to preserve the ancient capital. Also, recognition on the purchase claim and immigration countermeasures have to be prepared for the residents in the preservation areas, and residents assistance could be made through aggressive tax reduction and exemption.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1 장 서 론 1
• 제 1 절 연구배경 1
• 제 2 절 연구목적 2
• 제 3 절 연구방법 및 범위 3
• 제 2 장 도심쇠퇴와 재생에 관한 이론적 고찰 5
• 제 1 절 도심쇠퇴에 관한 이론 고찰 5
• 1. 도심의 개념 5
• 1) 도심의 정의 5
• 2) 도심의 구조 6
• 2. 도심의 성장 및 쇠퇴 현상에 대한 접근 7
• 1) 도심성장 단계 7
• 2) 도심쇠퇴 현상 8
• 3) 도심의 잠재력 9
• 제 2 절 도시재생에 관한 이론 고찰 10
• 1. 도시재생의 개념 10
• 2. 도시재생의 범위 12
• 1) 물리 / 환경적 측면 12
• 2) 산업 / 경제적 측면 13
• 3) 사회 / 문화적 측면 13
• 3. 도시재생 관련 패러다임 14
• 1) 창조도시 14
• 2) 뉴어바니즘( New Urbanism) 15
• 3) 도시성장관리(Urban Growth Management) 16
• 4) 압축도시(Compact City) 18
• 5) 기타 패러다임 종합 19
• 제 3 절 도시재생관련 제도 검토 20
• 1. 도시재생에 대한 제도검토 20
• 1) 도시재정비 촉진을 위한 특별법 20
• 2) 재래시장 및 상점가 육성을 위한 특별법 22
• 2. 경주시 도심재생 관련 추진사업 검토 23
• 1) 경주시 권역별 발전전략 23
• 2) 경주역사문화도시 조성사업 24
• 제 3 장 사례연구 25
• 제 1 절 사례연구의 개요 25
• 제 2 절 영국의 도시재생사례연구 25
• 1. 도시재생 정책연구 25
• 1) 추진배경 및 경과 25
• 2) 지원조직과 제도 26
• 2. 도시재생 사례연구 28
• 1) 뉴이스트 맨체스터의 도시재생 사례 28
• 2) 셰필드 원(URC)의 도시재생 사례 30
• 제 3 절 일본의 도시재생사례연구 31
• 1. 도시재생 정책연구 31
• 1) 추진배경 및 경과 31
• 2) 지원조직과 제도 32
• 2. 도시재생 사례연구 34
• 1) 도쿄역 일대 도시재생 사례 34
• 2) 오사카역 일대 도시재생 사례 35
• 제 4 절 사례연구 종합분석 36
• 제 4 장 경주 도심 특성 및 쇠퇴현상 분석 38
• 제 1 절 경주시 도시공간구조 특성 분석 38
• 1. 경주시 도시발전 과정 38
• 2. 경주시 공간구조 38
• 제 2 절 경주시 도심 쇠퇴현상 분석 39
• 1. 도심 범위 설정 40
• 2. 도심 인구특성 분석 42
• 3. 도심 산업 및 지역경제 특성 분석 42
• 4. 도심 교통체계 특성 분석 43
• 5. 도심 노후도 분석 44
• 제 3 절 경주시 도심에 관한 시민의식조사 분석 49
• 1. 설문개요 49
• 1) 설문지 구성 및 측정 49
• 2) 조사 방법 49
• 2. 실증분석 및 결과해석 50
• 1) 조사표본의 인구통계적 특성 50
• 2) 도심의 일반적 사항 및 도심환경에 대한 평가 51
• 3) 도심의 쇠퇴현상에 대한 평가 55
• 4) 도심 재생사업에 대한 평가 57
• 제 4 절 경주시 도심쇠퇴현상 및 쇠퇴원인 분석 종합결과 59
• 1. 도심쇠퇴현상 분석 결과 59
• 2. 도심쇠퇴원인 분석 결과 60
• 제 5 장 경주시 도심재생방안 제안 65
• 제 1 절 도심재생을 위한 기본방향 65
• 제 2 절 도심재생 방안 제안 66
• 1. 물리/환경적 측면에서의 도심재생 방안 66
• 1) 도심 외곽 및 내부도로 순환체계 구축 66
• 2) 노후주거지역 재생을 통한 생활기반 안정 68
• 2. 산업/경제적 측면에서의 도심재생 방안 69
• 1) 관광산업 활성화 기반 구축 69
• 2) 재래시장 활성화 기반 구축 71
• 3. 사회/문화적 측면에서의 도심재생 방안 72
• 1) 역사문화도시 정체성 확보를 위한 도심경관 조성 72
• 2) 문화환경 조성을 통한 문화 인프라 구축 74
• 4. 법 / 제도적 측면에서의 도심재생 방안 75
• 1) 법적, 제도적 규제에 대한 주민지원 방안 75
• 2) 고도보전법의 개선 및 체계적인 관리 77
• 제 6 장 결론 및 시사점 79
• 참고문헌 81
• 부 록 85
• Abstract 89