標準英語의 成立과 普及 = The Rise and Spread of the Standard English

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In Old English period the West Saxon dialect was regarded as the standard English, but after the Niddle English dialects won general recognition and has become the recognized standard in fourteenth and fifteenth and fifteenth centuries. The part of England that contributed most to the formation of this standard was the East Midland district. and it was the East Midland type of English that became its basis, particularly the dialect of the metropolis, London. This dialect was used as the language of legal decuments and official letters. Several causes contributed to the attainment of this result.
In the first place, as a Medland dialect the English of this region occupied a middle position between the extreme divergences of the north and south. It was less conservative than the Southern dialect, less radical than the Northern. In its sounds and inflections it represents a kind of compromise, sharing some of the characteristics of both its neighbors.
In the second place, the East Midland district was the largest and most populous of the major dialect areas. The land was more valuable than the north and west, and in an agricultural age this advantage was reflected in both the number and the prosperity of the inhabitants. London was the political and commercial center of England. It was the seat of the court. of the highest judicial tribunals, the focus of the social and intellectual activities of the country.
A third factor was the presence of the universities, Oxferd and Cambridge, in this region. In fourteenth century the monasteries were playing a less important role in the dissemination of learning than they had once played, while the two universities had developed into important intellectual centers.
In the latter part of the fifteenth century the London standard had been accepted, at least in writing, in most parts of the country. By the middle of the century the Chancery clerks had developed a fairly consistent variety of London English in both spelling and accidence.
With the introduction of printing 1476 new influence of great importance in the dissemination of London English printer, used the current speech of London in his numerous translations, and the books that issued from his press and from the presses of his successors gave a currency to London English that assured more than anything else its rapid adoption.
The translation of the Bibles especially Authorized Version in 17th century, and the publication of Dictionaries especially Dr. Johnson's Dictionary in 18th century, and the works of the educators, grammarians, orthoepists have vontributed to spread the standard English.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序論
• Ⅱ. 本論
• 1. OE 時代
• 2. ME 時代
• 3. 音韻과 文法形態의 標準化
• 4. ModE 時代
• 1) 聖書의 영향
• 2) 辭典의 영향
• 3) 秩序와 安定의 欲求
• 4) 交通機關의 영향
• 5. 美國英語의 標準化
• Ⅲ. 結論