대학생의 자아정체성 측정의 지위적 접근과 서술적 접근: 문화권에 따른 유사점과 차이점을 중심으로 = Status and Narrative Approach in the Korean College Student’s Ego Identity: Cross-cultural Similarities and Differences

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Many recent studies begin to pay attention to the narrative approach in measuring ego identity. Given the central roles of socio-cultural contexts in the identity formation, applications of the narrative studies conducted in the Western society to the Korean population need empirical investigations. The present study examined whether the relationships between the two major approaches were comparable to those from Western studies, and explored the content in the turning-point narratives. Relationships between narrative components and career self-efficacy was also investigated. Identity status and career self-efficacy scores were obtained from 261 college students. They also described the most important turning point in their lives, and their stories were coded in regard to the sophistication of meaning-making, redemptive sequence, and the positivity of the narratives. Results showed that the associations between meaning and identity status were comparable to those of existent studies. The content of narrative memory was largely different from that of Western studies, suggesting that socio-cultural contexts play the vital role in identity formation. Consistent with previous works, meaning was positively related to one’s self-efficacy.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

청소년기 핵심 발달과제인 자아정체성은 고전적으로 지위적 접근을 중심으로 측정되어져 왔으나 최근 이를 자유로운 과거사의 기술을 통해 측정하는 소위 서술적 접근 연구가 급증하고 있다. 정체성 형성에 사회문화적 요소가 큰 역할을 한다는 점을 고려하면 기존의 북미연구들에서 밝혀진 결과를 국내에 얼마나 적용할 수 있는지는 미지수이다. 본 연구는 이 두 접근으로 측정한 자아정체성 요소간의 관련성과 내용이 기존 연구의 결과와 얼마나 유사하고 다르며, 서술적 접근의 요소들이 대학생의 진로적응과 어떠한 관련이 있는 지를 알아보고자 하였다. 261명의 대학생을 대상으로 자아정체성 지위, 서술적 기법을 통한 의미부여, 긍정정서성, 긍정적 해석, 그리고 진로 자기효능감 수준을 측정하였다. 분석결과 지위적 접근과 서술적 접근의 정체성 변인간의 관련성은 기존 연구들과 유사한 수준을 보여주었다. 반면 서술정체성의 내용은 북미연구의 주제와는 다른 양상을 보여주어, 자아정체성 형성에 있어 사회의 맥락이 강하게 작용한다는 점을 시사하였다. 서술정체성의 요소 중 의미부여 점수가 진로 자기효능감을 가장 잘 예측하였다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Erikson, E. H., "현대의 신화/아이덴티티" 삼성출판사 1993

2 이상희, "한국판 진로결정 자기효능감 척도에 대한신뢰도 일반화 검증연구" 한국상담학회 9 (9): 565-582, 2008

3 김부태, "한국 학력․학벌주의 인식체계 분석" 한국교육학회 49 (49): 25-54, 2011

4 김근영, "청소년기 자아정체성 연구의 대안적 접근: 서술적 정체성 발달" 한국청소년학회 19 (19): 85-108, 2012

5 정용교, "지방대학생의 입장에서 바라본 학벌주의 실태와 대안" 사범대학부속중등교육연구소 60 (60): 699-724, 2012

6 신행우, "자아정체성 지위 척도(EOM-EIS2)의 타당도 연구" 14 (14): 137-152, 2001

7 양재원, "대학생의 애착과 진로행동 간의 관계에서 서술정체성 의미부여의 매개효과" 한국청소년학회 19 (19): 55-76, 2012

8 McLean, K. C., "Why recall our highs and lows : Relations between memory functions, age, and well-being" 16 : 751-762, 2008

9 Thorne, A., "When remembering is not enough : Reflecting on self-defining memories in late adolescence" 72 : 513-541, 2004

10 McAdams, D. P., "When bad things turn good and good things turn bad: Sequences of redemption and contamination in life narrative, and their relation to psychosocial adaptation in midlife adults and in students" 27 : 472-483, 2001

11 Adams, G. R., "Toward the development of an objective assessment of ego-identity status" 8 : 223-237, 1979

12 Meeus, W., "The study of adolescent identity formation 2000—2010 : A review of longitudinal research" 21 : 75-94, 2011

13 Pasupathi, M., "The social construction of the personal past and its implications for adult development" 127 : 651-672, 2001

14 Adams, G. R., "The relationship between identity status, locus of control, and ego development" 8 : 81-89, 1979

15 Abraham, K. G., "The relation between identity status and locus of control among high school students" 3 : 257-264, 1983

16 McAdams, D. P., "The psychology of life stories" 5 : 100-122, 2001

17 Pasupathi, M., "The development of narrative identity in late adolescence and emergent adulthood : The continued importance of listeners" 45 : 558-574, 2009

18 Cohen, J., "Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 1988

19 Rosenberg, M, "Society and adolescent self-image" Princeton University Press 1965

20 Heine, S. J., "Self as cultural product : An examination of East Asian and North American selves" 69 : 881-906, 2001

21 Blustein, D. L., "Relationship between the identity formation process and career development" 36 : 196-202, 1989

22 McLean, K. C., "Processes and content of narrative identity development in adolescence : Gender and well-being" 45 : 702-710, 2009

23 Dumas, T. M., "Positive parenting in adolescence and its relation to low point narration and identity status in emerging adulthood : A longitudinal analysis" 45 : 1531-1544, 2009

24 Syed, M., "Personality development from adolescence to emerging adulthood : Linking trajectories of ego development to the family context and identity formation" 104 : 371-384, 2013

25 Syed, M., "Narrative and ethnic identity exploration : A longitudinal account of emerging adults’ ethnicity-related experiences" 46 : 208-219, 2010

26 Pillemer, D. B., "Momentous events and the life story" 5 : 123-134, 2001

27 박아청, "Marcia의 아이덴티티 지위면접을 활용한 연구에 대한 비판적 고찰" 13 (13): 167-185, 1994

28 McLean, K. C., "Life's little(and big)lessons : Identity statuses and meaning-making in the turning point narratives of emerging adults" 42 : 714-722, 2006

29 Waterman, A. S., "Identity development from adolescence to adulthood : An extension of theory and a review of research" 18 : 341-358, 1982

30 McAdams, D. P., "Identity and story: Creating self in narrative" American Psychological Association 2006

31 Habermas, T., "Getting a life : The emergence of the life story in adolescence" 126 : 248-269, 2000

32 McAdams, D. P., "Foley Center, Guided Autobiography"

33 Betz, N. E., "Evaluation of a short form of the Career Decision-Making Self-efficacy Scale" 4 : 47-57, 1996

34 Dawes, J., "Do data characteristics change according to the number of scale points used? An experiment using 5 point, 7 point and 10 point scales" 51 : 61-77, 2008

35 Gurin, P., "Diversity and higher education : Theory and impact on educational outcomes" 72 : 330-367, 2002

36 Marcia, J. E., "Development and validation of ego-identity status" 3 : 551-558, 1966

37 Nisbett, R. E., "Culture and systems of thought : Holistic versus analytic cognition" 108 : 291-310, 2001

38 Mackey, K., "Adolescents’ stories of decision-making in more or less authoritative families : Representing the voices of parents in narrative" 16 : 243-268, 2001

39 McLean, K. C., "Adolescents' self-defining memories about relationships" 39 : 635-645, 2003

40 Tavernier, R., "Adolescent turning points: The association between meaning-making and psychological well-being" 48 : 1058-1068, 2012

41 Wallace-Broscious, A., "Adolescent career development : Relationships to self-concept and identity status" 4 : 127-149, 1994

42 Bennion, L. D., "A revision of the Extended Version of the Objective Measure of Ego-Identity Status : An identity instrument for use with late adolescents" 1 : 183-198, 1986

43 Cote, J. E., "A critical examination of the ego identity status paradigm" 8 : 147-184, 1988