≪大乘起信論≫之“真心本覺”思想探析 = Analyzing the Theory of “Original Enlightenment of True Heart” in the “Awakening of Faith in Mahayana”

국문 초록 (Abstract)

『大乘起信論』 中, “真心”은 “真如心”을 가리킨다. 동시에 “衆生心”, “如來藏心”,“阿賴耶識”等 다른 이름이 있지만 통칭하여 “一心”이라 하기도 한다. “一心”은 본론 사상전개의 핵심개념이다. 본론에 따르면, 衆生心的 體와 用, 양방면의 해석이 대승불법의 교리이다. 用, 즉 心眞如門과 心生滅門으로 일체의 세간법과 출세간법을 설명하며, 一心에 의해서 二門이 성립한다. 心眞如門에서 진여는 法界總相的 法體이며, 心眞如는 불생불멸적 심성 즉 真如心이다. 心生滅門에서 생멸은 용이며, 생멸심에 의거 여래장이 존재하고 일정한 인연조건하에서 生起혹은 還滅이 생기고 불생불멸적 眞如와 生滅妄念的 心識, 이 심식이 아뢰야식인데, 아뢰야식은 생기만법 섭유만법하며 有覺과 不覺의 두가지 뜻을 담고 있다. 眞心本覺說에 의거하여 覺과 不覺이 건립하며, 覺은 心性不生不滅, 不覺은 심성적 생멸변화, 本覺은 만법본체가 되는 人心의 본성이다. 眞心本覺說은 변증법적 사고방식을 사용하여 "一心" 體用不二, 심성본체적 이론을 구축하고 체와 용, 染과 淨, 진여심과 생멸심, 각과 불각의 관계를 통일한다. 이 이론적 구성에 의거, "眞心"은 내면의 "本覺"으로 지적인 자각을 실현할 수 있으며, 진실과 무지의 힘을 통해 淸淨本心으로 돌아가려는 목표를 실현함으로써 해탈성불하게 된다. 眞心本覺說은 중국 儒家의 “反身內求”의 사상과 결합하여 불교의 중국화 과정을 추동하였고 후에 불교의 교파 탄생에 영향을 주었다. 진심본각설은 화엄종, 천태종, 선불교 등 많은 불교 종파에 영향을 미쳤다. 불교의 중국화 발전과정의 관점에서 본다면, 진심본각설은 불교의 衆生成佛的 주체성 차원의 중요성을 고양하였고, 중요한 이론적 가치와 실천적 의의를 가지고 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

“The Awakening of Faith in Mahayana” is an important classic of the Chinese Buddhism Characteristics, in which the “true heart” refers to the “tathata heart”, and it also has the synonyms names of "the heart-mind of Sentient Beings", "Tathagata hidden heart" and the " Alaya-consciousness ", etc., which can also be collectively referred to as "One Heart-Mind". The "One Heart-Mind" is the core concepts of the development of its theory. The theory explains the doctrines of Mahayana Buddhism from two aspects, which are the body and the use of "the heart-mind of Sentient Beings", by using the “the door of the heart as true” and “the door of the heart as birth and death” which can explain all worldly dharma and transcendental laws. The "One Heart-Mind" stands on the basis of the two doors, From the aspect of “the door of the heart as true”, tathata is the body of the general state of the dharmadhatu, which can be named “the true heart” as the immortal nature of the mind; from the aspect of “the door of the heart as birth and death”, which is the use, “the heart of generates and destroys” exists according to the Tathagata, and which arises or be exterminated under certain conditions, containing mind conscience of immortality tathata and delusion of birth and extermination. The heart-mind is the “Alaya-consciousness”, which rises and governs all dharma, including two phases of Enlightenment Non-enlightenment.
The theory of “original Enlightenment of true heart” is established by "Enlightenment" and “Non-enlightenment". "Enlightenment" means the neither dying nor being of the nature of heart-mind, and "Non-enlightenment" means the changes of heart’s birth-death. The “Original Enlightenment” is the nature of the human heart as the nature of all dharma, which cannot be revealed because it is contaminated and covered by delusions. Sentient Beings can enter into the Buddha realm by eliminating delusional thoughts, translating “Nonenlightenment" into "Enlightenment" in order to make originally features emerged. The says of “original Enlightenment of true heart” uses a dialectical way of thinking to construct the heart-mind ontology theory in which the body and use of “One Heart-Mind” is not dual, unifying the relationship between body and use, dye and clean, heart as true and heart as birth and death, enlightenment and non-enlightenment. In the construction of this theory, the “true heart” can realized self-enlightenment by using the “original Enlightenment” of inner heart, realizes the goal of return pure conscience by using the perfumate power of tathata on delusion, and realizes the Liberation into Buddha hood.
The theory of “original Enlightenment of true heart” is consistent with the Chinese traditional Confucian thought of "seeking from the inside" or "introspective inner pursuit", promoted the process of which promotes the process of sinicization of Buddhism and has influenced many later Buddhist sects, such as Huayan sect, Tiantai sect, and Chan sect and so on, which have more or less inherited some thoughts of the theory of " original Enlightenment of true heart ", which has greatly improved the subjectivity of Sentient Beings to become Buddha, and has important theoretical and practical significance.