Ⅰ. Research Needs and Objectives With the advent of a new era of low fertility, population aging, and knowledge, Korea has supported universities with human and material education infrastructure to shift their focus from a school-age students-based ...
Ⅰ. Research Needs and Objectives With the advent of a new era of low fertility, population aging, and knowledge, Korea has supported universities with human and material education infrastructure to shift their focus from a school-age students-based system to an adult-friendly education system to effectively react to socio-economic changes such as the rise in demand for new types of educational services. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to seek ways to enable universities to reinforce their function to nurture talented adult women and thereby to more actively contribute to the cultivation of such women, based on Lifelong Education Centers, Lifelong Learning universities, Career Development Centers for College Women, the Center for Women in Science, Engineering, and Technology, Re-employment Support Centers for Women, and so forth. Ⅱ. Fact-Finding For this research study, we conducted a survey on lifelong education administrators awareness of needs and conditions for and constraints on college-based education for adult women. 261 out of the population of 462 successfully responded to this survey that used 2015 data, posting a response rate of 56.5%. 1. Project Team Operation and Women s Participation How project teams surveyed operated courses for adult learners in 2015 was studied and analyzed for this research. According to the results, 82.0%, 27.2%, and 40.2% of the teams operated non-degree, degree, and credit courses, respectively. The percentage of women in students newly enrolled in degree programs in 2015 was also examined. The share of women in Lifelong Learning universities, College-Affiliated Lifelong Education Centers, stood at 55.4%, 75.1%. The reasons for the lower share of women in degree courses were asked of the survey participants. 43.7% replied that the percentage of programs preferred by men was high while 16.9% answered that it was difficult for women to attend programs during the education service hours. 14.1% chose lack of women who meet admission requirements as the main reason for the issue. 2. Difficulties in Operating Lifelong Education for Adults “The recruitment of adult students” (61.7%) was cited as the most signifiant difficulty that universities encounter in the process of operating lifelong education projects. It was followed by “the faculty’s and students’ lack of understanding of adult learners” (38.3%), “inflexible educational operation” (32.5%), “adult learners’ lack of academic capability and their unfaithful attitude” (22.3%), “employers’ lack of cooperation” (18.0%), and “adult education administrators’ lack of expertise” (8.5%). Degree program operators had more prejudice against and assumed a more critical attitude towards adult learners. The largest percentage (30.3%) of Lifelong Learning universities operating degree courses for the employed cited “employers’ lack of cooperation” as the biggest difficulty. Survey participants were also asked about the biggest difficulties facing adult learners. Housework (child care and learning-work-life balancing) was chosen by 60.5% of the respondents, followed by “inconvenience in education service hours” (17.6%), “school expenses” (12.3%), and “lack of academic capability, self-confidence, and enthusiasm” (9.2%).