中國東三省(遼寧省·吉林省·黑龍江省)의 舊石器文化 = The Paleolithic Cultures of the Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang Provinces in Northeast China

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

More than 14 sites of yielding animal, cultural remains and human fossils have been identified at Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang provinces in Northeast China. At first, 5 sites are Huzitung, Xipajiafang, Miaohoushsn, Ginniushan and Xiaogushan. At secondarily, 4 sites are Zhoujiayoufang, Antoutungsue, Chingshantou. At thirdly, 5 sites are Gusiangtun, Huangahan, Houmasian 18 tchan, Liaokouhe, Angangxi. Among these, 4 sites could represent three provinces.
These are Miaohoushan, Xiaogushan at Liaoning province, Zhoujiayoufang at Jilin province, Angangxi at Heilongjiang province.
Miaohoushan site is situated on the eastern bank of the Tanghe river, the Northern part of the Liaodong peninsula, about 90 km to the northwest of Shenyang. The site leas found in 1978 and excavated in 1979 and 1980. There are two caves at the site, namely Cave A (site) and Cave B (east cave).
The deposit in site was divided into 8 layers and east cave into 5 layers.
76 species of vertebrate fossil, among them, 71 species of mammalian fossil, 3 species of bird and 2 apecies of fish.
The fauna at Miaohoushan was divided ito two groups of different period. One group belongs to middle pleistocene. The other is late pleistocene.
About 100 stone artifacts were discovered in site. The raw material is gravel of black quartzite sandstone. The techniques to produce flakes are hammer percussion and striked on anvil. Three types of stone tools were chopper-chopping tool, bolas and scraper.
Excavators in this site noted that the Miaohoushan industry is similar to "the Kehe-Dingcun (암河-丁村) tradition." Accordingly, they insisted that many common characteristics could be identified between Miaohoushan and Chongokri(全谷里, 韓國) as well as between Miaohou shan and the Kehi-Dingcun tradition.
The date of site is from 400,000 to 140,000 years according to the absolute dating tests as Uranium-series and Paleomagnetic test.
The Xiaogushan site at Liaoning province, beolngs to the upper paleolithic age.
Xiaogushan cave site was found in 1981 and excavated in same year and in 1983. Fauna, human fossils and stone artifacts were exhumed.
The site is situated at the north of Liaodon peninsula, more than 120 km away from Shen yaung.
The deposit is about 6 meters in depth and divided into 4 layers. Fauna, human fossil, stone artifacts were discovered.
The fauna included Cams sp. Vulpes corsac, Crocuta ultima, Mammthus primigenius, Equus przewalskyi, Bubalus sp. Cerves canadensis, Megaloceros ordosianuis, Sus scrofa, etcs, totaling 38 species. They belong to the Mammuthus-Coelodonta Fauna of Northeast China within Late pleistocene.
The cultural remains include stone artifacts, bone and antiler implement ornaments ans ash. The raw material is of quartz. The stone artifact include chopper and chopping-tool, biface bolas, scraper, point, bore, burin. The hammer percussion and the bipolar method were used in flaking process by the dweller of Xiaogushan, and retouches were chiefly made by the former.
The age of Xiaogushan could identify with the Upper Cave of Choukoutien.
Jhoujiayoufang site at Jilin province, is situated on the northern bank of a small branch of the Songhua river(松花江). In 1977, this site was discovered, some stone and bone implements were found there. These cultural remains are stone cores, stone flakes, stone points, stone scrapers and bone spear, bone points, bone scrapers, bone digging instruments. These cultural recta ins associate with the Mammuthus-Coleodonta Fauna.
The age of Guxiangtun formation is 40,000 year B.P. for the locality I and 26,740±735 years B.P. or 26,100±850 years B.P. for the locality 4 by radiocarbon method. It belongs to the late pleistocene.
The site of Angangxi at Heilongjiang is situated near Angangxi of Jijihaer. This locality has been investigated in 1981 and 1982, where were discovered stone artifacts, ash and mammal fossils.
The fauna sssociated with stone artifacts included Lepus sp. Ochotona daurica, Citellus cf. mongolicus Cricetulus cf. griseus, Microtus epiratticeps, Equus przewalski,? Equus, Bison (P.) exiquns and? Bos sp., totaling 9 species. They belong to the Mammuthus-Coelodonta Fauna of Northeast china of Late pleistocene.
The fauna associated with flora represent an environment mainly of steppe under dry-cold climate.
The stone artifacts, totaling 68, made of jasper, agate and chert, which came from the gravel bed of old river nearby. They contain cores, flakes and tools. The methods of stone anvil and bipolar were used in flaking and toolmaking, besides, indirect percussion and pressure were used on rare occasion. The tools consist of chopper, scraper and burins. The dimensions of these artifacts are very small.
The age of this locality could belong to the last upper paleolithic.
The majority of the site in Northeast China belongs to the upper paleolithic, used to associate with the Mammuthus-Coelodonta Fauna.
This Fauns did not come from the North China. It came from the Siberia.
Also this Fauna identifies with that of Dongkwangjin(潼關鎭) , situated on the terrace of the river of Yalu, North Korea.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ.서론
• Ⅱ.遼寧省 舊石器文化
• Ⅲ.吉林省 舊石器文化
• Ⅳ.黑龍江省 舊石器文化
• Ⅴ.결론