근대철학과 종교 -과학에 의한, 과학을 위한, 과학의 종교- = Modern Philosophy and Religion -Religion by Science, Religion for Science and Religion of Science-

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 17∼8세기 유럽 근대 철학의 전개과정을 과학과 종교의 연관성 속에서 설명하고자 하는 것이다. 17세기 종교적 분쟁이 야기한 참상을 목도한 근대 철학자들의 철학적 관심사는 계시적 종교로 인한 종교적 분쟁을 종식시킬 수 있는 방안을 찾는 것이었고, 그들이 마침내 발견한 방안은 자연뿐 아니라 신과 영혼의 영역에서도 과학의 방법을 적용하여 보편적이고 합리적인 신의 개념을 찾는 것이었다. 바로 이것은 로고스에 의해 뮈토스의 월권을 바로 잡겠다는 것이었다. 따라서 근대철학자들은 처음에는 종교를 과학적 시각에서 조명하는 ‘과학에 의한 종교’를 추구하였다. 그러나 이리한 시도는 시간이 흐르면서 종교를 과학적 세계관을 뒷받침하는 이데올로기로 전락시킨 ‘과학을 위한 종교’로 발전되었고, 마침내는 종교의 자리에 과학을 앉힘으로써 과학의 종교를 만드는 로고스의 월권으로 나타났다. 이는 근대철학자들이 로고스와 뮈토스의 균형을 추구했던 고대 그리스 철학과 르네상스의 참된 정신을 제대로 이해하지 못했기 때문이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article is to explain the unfolding process of modern philosophy in the light of the interrelation between science and religion. Modern philosophers who watched a terrible sight of the seventeenth century caused by the revealed religion were concerned in the way to resolve the religious dissension. The way which they finally found out was nothing but to search for the universal and rational god by applying the scientific method to the field of god and soul, as well as that of nature. It is to correct an arrogation of mythos by means of logos. Thus, at the outset modern philosophers searched after ‘religion by science’ which illuminates religion in the light of science. Later, however, it was transfigured to ‘religion for science’ in which religion is no other than an ideology to support the scientific world-view, and it finally became ‘religion of science’ in which science cuts out religion. This meant the arrogation of logos which was caused by the ignorance of modern philosophers who did not comprehend the purpose of Ancient Greek Philosophy and Renaissance to keep the balance between logos and mythos.

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