This study considering 1990's Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art started from raising a question about the traditional situation which defined and evaluated the previous 30-year-old development of Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art only within a political point of view. The Ch...
This study considering 1990's Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art started from raising a question about the traditional situation which defined and evaluated the previous 30-year-old development of Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art only within a political point of view. The Chinese government chose oblivion and suppression without any national regret and self-reflection on the past containing the Cultural Revolution and Tiananmen Massacre. As a part of this, official comments or expressions about the censorship by the Chinese Communists were prohibited, but they concentrated all the national capabilities on economy under the new flag of Reform and Opening. Due to these specific circumstances, the art language which 1990's Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art could recreate were expressed in the form differentiated from the west or the other regions, and the icons got to be rather habitually handled in the historical context, since 1990's when Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art was consumed and communicated internationally.
The situation in which Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art is construed only from a political viewpoint can bring up primary matters. The outside of China could understand a different situation in China through 1990's Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art. Western people could make sure once again that their standpoint were very valid and reasonable through Tiananmen Massacre in 1989. Now, the Chinese 'Shi-Yan' artists serve as activists against political repression and their works mean the disclosure of the dark and irrational hidden side of Chinese society. Also, the inside of China is aware that the western art system has strong influence on the Chinese art market and tries hard to strengthen and publicize the previous western viewpoint.
For this purpose, I suggest the concealment strategy as a main view point to understand 1990's Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art in this study. This is not for denying the leading standpoint of the past but for arguing that the traditional point of view on Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art is needed to be moderated. Besides, I paid an attention to 'the historical matter' which was not influential very strongly and continuously but also as important as political matters, when we dealt with Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art and examined particularly how the history showed itself by the mechanism of the concealment strategy.
The repetition and duplication of images, such as icons, groups of people, self-portraits, Chinese characters and etc, which are seen in Chinese' Shi-Yan' Art cannot be understood just as simple reproduction. Especially, I tried to point out the limit of discussing the repetition in 1990's Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art only in the respect of reproduction, in the two senses of representation as the reflection of the political situation of China and the simulation of symptoms derived from transition into a consumer society. Rather, I understood this repetition as the screen to conceal the real, the historical events regarded as trauma and called this the concealment strategy of Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art.
Chinese history acts as the most powerful trauma. A person's historical memory who experienced the Cultural Revolution and Tiananmen Massacre in China was suppressed and distorted at the national level, and these circumstances are lasting on now. Nevertheless, the trauma of the repressed history can never vanish in temporary oblivion but rather cannot help returning endlessly in camouflage or transformed form through obsessive repetition and desire for representation. Therefore, the historical events which Chinese artists experienced are very important motives of their works and have influenced the contents and the specific idioms of their works as well.
The concealment strategy of Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art came about as a strategy to survive from the censorship reinforced after Tiananmen Massacre and particularly made use of the public culture image which was commonly used in Chinese society and the ways―a person with smile, the symbols of revolution, the style of propaganda poster and etc―given the approval of the past socialist realism. The memory of the Cultural Revolution continued to appear in the form of the historical trauma, and the trauma was more strengthened by Tiananmen Massacre. Thus, the concealment strategy has been more solidified by distortions, deletions or additions. Through this concealment strategy, Chinese artists try to keep concealing the memory of their repressed history and the trauma consciously or unconsciously. Their works are, however, associated with the real objects rather more clearly. That is because the historical trauma which continued to indicate subjects that it had to conceal and finally succeeded in hiding it often reveals itself on the surfaces of the art works, even if the concealment strategy has been conducted successfully.
This study separated 1980's Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art and 1990's one and especially tried to construe the latter from the viewpoint of the concealment strategy. As a result, I could present an alternative point of view against the previous criticism which considered Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art to be politically critical one according to the political background or to be a pop-artistic one according to the economical circumstances. 1990's Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art repeatedly represented the historical trauma of an artist's own, and paradoxically, it was identified that the concealment strategy conducted at that decade strongly indicated 'the repetitive returning of the repressed history'. Therefore, This study can be meaningful in that it make sure that Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art, at the dimension of reflection and conquest of the suppressed history, can be of authenticity, new worth as the historical description which Dominick LaCapra took notice of.
Keywords: Chinese 'Shi-Yan' Art, the concealment strategy, historical trauma, repetition