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    외국어로서의 한국어 발음과 유창성 연구 = A Study of Korean Production and Fluency as a Foreign Language.

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    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A103645575

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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    The study investigated what variables affected more on Korean raters’ production and fluency judgement to the Korean speakings of the advanced foreign learners. Nine professional Korean raters assessed sixty Korean learners’ oral performance. The results are as follows: (1) fluency judgement for the Korean speaking follows the cross-linguistic trends, (2) the principal variables in judging L2 fluency include speech rate, F0 range, and pause frequency, (3) mean length of runs (number of syllables) - representing how many words the subjects express within the given time - comparatively lower effect in judging the fluency. The study also found that the wide range of F0 causes the higher scores of the fluency marks. The result could support the evidence that F0 - exerting how the subjects express the active intonation - is one of the important production and fluency cues, regardless of the spectrum structure of the target language. The result implies that Korean speaking education should focus more on the active intonation. (Konkuk University, Seoul National University, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul National University, Seogang University, Seoul National University, Seoul National University)
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    The study investigated what variables affected more on Korean raters’ production and fluency judgement to the Korean speakings of the advanced foreign learners. Nine professional Korean raters assessed sixty Korean learners’ oral performance. The ...

    The study investigated what variables affected more on Korean raters’ production and fluency judgement to the Korean speakings of the advanced foreign learners. Nine professional Korean raters assessed sixty Korean learners’ oral performance. The results are as follows: (1) fluency judgement for the Korean speaking follows the cross-linguistic trends, (2) the principal variables in judging L2 fluency include speech rate, F0 range, and pause frequency, (3) mean length of runs (number of syllables) - representing how many words the subjects express within the given time - comparatively lower effect in judging the fluency. The study also found that the wide range of F0 causes the higher scores of the fluency marks. The result could support the evidence that F0 - exerting how the subjects express the active intonation - is one of the important production and fluency cues, regardless of the spectrum structure of the target language. The result implies that Korean speaking education should focus more on the active intonation. (Konkuk University, Seoul National University, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul National University, Seogang University, Seoul National University, Seoul National University)

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    참고문헌 (Reference)

    1 강석한, "한국인 영어 발음의 좋음과 나쁨 인지 평가에 영향을 미치는 초분절 매개변수 연구" 한국음성학회 3 (3): 3-10, 2011

    2 김정숙, "한국어능력시험 체제 개선 연구" 국립국제교육원 2010

    3 윤희원, "한국어능력시험 개선 방안 연구" 한국교육과정평가원 2010

    4 임우열, "한국어 고급 학습자의 발음 숙달도와 발음 학습 전략 사용 간의 관계 연구" 국제한국어교육학회 25 (25): 189-218, 2014

    5 홍은실, "학문 목적 한국어 말하기 능력 평가 도구 개발을 위한 요구 분석" 국제한국어교육학회 27 (27): 243-268, 2016

    6 신동일, "영어평가 프로그램 개발 실행연구-채점자 교육과정에 관한 성찰과 반성" 한국영어교과교육학회 (4) : 83-112, 2005

    7 강석한, "영어 및 일본어 원어민 한국어 학습자의 초분절 요소에 의한 유창성 평가 비교 연구" 이중언어학회 (50) : 1-24, 2012

    8 강석한, "영어 말하기 평가에서 한국인 평가자의 평가 특성 연구" 한국중원언어학회 (26) : 1-21, 2013

    9 이향, "발음 평가에 있어서 정확성, 유창성, 이해명료성, 이해가능성 기준 간의 영향 관계 연구" 한국언어문화교육학회 9 (9): 221-243, 2013

    10 Derwing, T., "What speaking rates do nonnative listeners prefer?" 22 (22): 324-337, 2001

    1 강석한, "한국인 영어 발음의 좋음과 나쁨 인지 평가에 영향을 미치는 초분절 매개변수 연구" 한국음성학회 3 (3): 3-10, 2011

    2 김정숙, "한국어능력시험 체제 개선 연구" 국립국제교육원 2010

    3 윤희원, "한국어능력시험 개선 방안 연구" 한국교육과정평가원 2010

    4 임우열, "한국어 고급 학습자의 발음 숙달도와 발음 학습 전략 사용 간의 관계 연구" 국제한국어교육학회 25 (25): 189-218, 2014

    5 홍은실, "학문 목적 한국어 말하기 능력 평가 도구 개발을 위한 요구 분석" 국제한국어교육학회 27 (27): 243-268, 2016

    6 신동일, "영어평가 프로그램 개발 실행연구-채점자 교육과정에 관한 성찰과 반성" 한국영어교과교육학회 (4) : 83-112, 2005

    7 강석한, "영어 및 일본어 원어민 한국어 학습자의 초분절 요소에 의한 유창성 평가 비교 연구" 이중언어학회 (50) : 1-24, 2012

    8 강석한, "영어 말하기 평가에서 한국인 평가자의 평가 특성 연구" 한국중원언어학회 (26) : 1-21, 2013

    9 이향, "발음 평가에 있어서 정확성, 유창성, 이해명료성, 이해가능성 기준 간의 영향 관계 연구" 한국언어문화교육학회 9 (9): 221-243, 2013

    10 Derwing, T., "What speaking rates do nonnative listeners prefer?" 22 (22): 324-337, 2001

    11 Ejzenberg, R., "Understanding nonnative oral fluency: The role of task structure and discourse variability" University Microfilms International 1992

    12 Kormos, J, "The role of attention in monitoring second language speech production" 50 : 343-384, 2000

    13 Anderson-Hsieh, J., "The relationship between native speaker judgments of nonnative pronunciation and deviance in segmentals, prosody, and syllable structure" 42 : 529-555, 1992

    14 Munro, M., "The mutual intelligibility of L2 speech" 28 (28): 111-131, 2006

    15 Wennerstrom, A., "The music of everyday speech" Oxford University Press 2002

    16 Derwing, T., "The effects of pronunciation instruction on the accuracy, fluency, and complexity of L2 accented speech" 13 (13): 1-17, 2003

    17 Mehnert, U., "The effects of different lengths of time for planning on second language performance" 20 : 83-108, 1998

    18 Towell, R., "The development of fluency in advanced learners of French" 17 : 84-119, 1996

    19 Skehan, J., "Task-based instruction" 36 (36): 1-14, 2003

    20 Anderson-Hsieh, J., "Syllable duration and pausing in the speech of Chinese ESL speakers" 28 : 807-812, 1994

    21 Schachter, S., "Speech disfluency and the structure of knowledge" 60 (60): 362-367, 1991

    22 Levelt, M., "Speaking: From intention to articulation" MIT Oress 1989

    23 Riazantseva, A., "Second language proficiency and pausing" 23 (23): 497-526, 2001

    24 Freed, B. F., "Second language acquisition in a study abroad context" Benjamins 1995

    25 Crooks, G, "Planning and interlanguage variation" 11 : 367-383, 1989

    26 Ortega, L., "Planning and focus on form in L2 oral performance" 21 (21): 109-148, 1999

    27 Flege, J. E., "Phonetics approximation in second language acquisition" 30 (30): 117-134, 2006

    28 Mennon, I., "Phonetic and phonological influences in non-native intonation: An overview for language teachers" Queen Margaret University College speech science center 1-18, 2006

    29 Rossiter, M. J., "Perceptions of L2 fluency by native and non-native speakers of English" 65 (65): 395-412, 2009

    30 Trofimovich, P., "Learning second Language suprasegmentals: Effect of L2 experience on prosody and fluency characteristics of L2 speech" 28 (28): 1-30, 2006

    31 Bachman, L. F, "Language testing in practice" Oxford University Press 1996

    32 Lowenberg, P. H., "Language in the global context: Implications for the language classroom" SEAMEO Regional Language Center 2000

    33 Derwing, T., "L2 fluency: Judgments on different tasks" 54 (54): 655-679, 2004

    34 Guion, S., "Knowledge of English word stress patterns in early and late Korean-English bilinguals" 27 : 503-533, 2005

    35 Lennon, P., "Investigating fluency in EFL: A quantitative approach" 40 : 387-417, 1990

    36 Wennerstrom, A, "Intonational meaning in English discourse: a study of non-native speakers" 15 (15): 399-420, 1994

    37 강석한, "Intonational Variations in Korean Learners’ English" 교육종합연구원 23 : 1-23, 2014

    38 Backman, N. E., "Intonation errors in second language pronunciation of eight Spanish speaking adults learning English" 4 (4): 239-266, 1979

    39 Adams, C., "In search of the acoustic correlates of stress: Fundamental frequency, amplitude, and duration in the connected utterances of some native and nonnative speakers of English" 35 : 125-156, 1978

    40 Brown, A., "Getting the balance right: Criteria in integrated speaking tasks" 2002

    41 Munro, M., "Foreign accent, comprehensibility, and intelligibility in the speech of second language learners" 45 (45): 73-97, 1995

    42 Kachru, B. B., "English in the world: Teaching and learning the language and literatures" Cambridge University Press 1985

    43 Chun, D. M., "Discourse intonation in L2. From theory and research to practice" John Benjamins Publishing Company 2002

    44 Segalowitz, N., "Cognitive bases of second language fluency" Routledge 2010

    45 Bygate, M., "Challenge and change in language teaching" Heinemann 1996

    46 Iwashita N, "Can we predict task difficulty in an oral proficiency test? Exploring the potential of an information-processing approach to task design" 51 (51): 401-436, 2001

    47 Kang, S-H, "Bi-directional development of L2 suprasegmentals" 2 (2): 1-17, 2013

    48 Bongaerts, T., "Authenticity of pronunciation in naturalistic second language acquisition: the case of very advanced late learners of Dutch as a second language" 54 (54): 298-308, 2000

    49 Luoma, S., "Assessing speaking" Cambridge University Press 2004

    50 Lowenberg, P. H., "Assessing English proficiency in the expanding circle" 21 : 431-435, 2002

    51 Guion, S., "Age of learning effects on the duration of sentences produced in a second language" 21 : 205-228, 2000

    52 Sluijter, A. M. C., "Acoustic correlates of linguistic stress and accent in Dutch and American English" 2 : 630-633, 1996

    53 Derwing, T., "A longitudinal study of ESL learners’ fluency and comprehensibility development" 29 (29): 359-380, 2009

    54 강석한, "A Comparative Study on Criteria and Tasks in Korean English Speaking Assessment by Native and Non-native Raters" 언어교육원 48 (48): 241-262, 2012

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