계절에 따른 시판 신선 편이 샐러드 제품의 품질 평가 = Quality Evaluation of Fresh-cut Market Products by Season

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As a result of life-style changes, consumer's concerns of food have shifted from calories and nutrition to health and convenience. Fresh-cut products are one such new direction for fruit and vegetable consumption. In this study, the vitamin C, mineral, and pesticide contents of various fresh-cut products were analyzed. According to sensory evaluations, the key reason for a lower than expected overall acceptability of many fresh-cut products is that they are likely to have browning and can easily lose their freshness. Also, the sensory evaluation showed that shriveling, the degree of browning, softening around the cut edge, and off-flavors were the primary factors affecting the quality of fresh-cut products. As a nutritional factor of quality, vitamin C content was not practical with regard to fresh-cut lettuce because the level was very low. For product safety, residual pesticides were detected in the fresh-cut products, but the results showed that all items were under permitted levels and considered safe. In evaluation of the microbial levels of the fresh-cut market products, the levels of viable cells, mold, yeast, coliform bacteria, and enterobacteriaceae were not significantly different based on the summer and winter seasons. The levels of S. aureus and Listeria spp. in the products were higher during the summer season than the winter.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

및 결론시판 신선 편이 샐러드 제품의 계절에 따른 품질 및 위해도를 평가하기 위하여 제품 수집 후 외관적 품질, 영양학적 품질, 안전성 측면의 품질을 조사하였다. 양상추를 기준으로 마른 정도, 갈변 정도, 절단면의 상태, 아삭함, 수분 함유 정도, 이취, 전반적 기호도 항목을 대상으로 관능적인 품질을 평가한 결과, 겨울 제품과 비교했을 때 여름 제품의 마른 정도, 절단면의 상태와 이취 항목의 관능적인 품질이 불량하였으나, 전반적 기호도의 계절간 차이가 크지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 신선 편이 양상추의 vitamin C 함량은 가공처리로 인해 영양권장량에 비해 매우 낮은 수준이었고, 신선 편이 샐러드 제품에 함유되어 있는 총 질소, 인산, 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 나트륨, 철, 망간, 아연의 함량을 조사해 본 결과, 총 질소 함량과 아연을 제외한 모든 무기질의 경우, 겨울보다 여름 샐러드 제품에서 더 많이 검출되었다. 신선 편이 샐러드 제품에 대한 잔류 농약 확인을 위해 Diazinon, Thiobencarb, EPN, Pendimethalin이 동시에 분석되었으며, 겨울 제품에서는 5개 샐러드 제품에서 4가지의 농약이 잔류하지 않았고, 여름 제품에서는 1개 제품에서 0.048 ppm의 Diazinon이 검출되었으나, 검출된 Diazinon의 경우 허용치 이하의 안전한 수준이었다. 또한, 미생물학적 품질 평가 결과, 겨울과 여름 제품 모두 B사 샐러드 제품이 전반적으로 다른 제품에 비해 오염도가 적었고, 미생물 오염도가 가장 큰 제품은 A사와 D사 제품이었다. 계절에 따라 평균값을 보면 생균과 곰팡이 및 효모, 대장균군, 장내세균의 경우 여름과 겨울 제품 간의 오염도 차이가 크지 않았으나, 황색포도상구균과 리스테리아는 겨울 제품에 비해 여름제품에서 비교적 큰 폭으로 증가하였다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "식품의 농약잔류허용기준(농약별)" 식품의약품안전청 잔류화학물질과 32-86, 2004

2 "The equipment and facilities for high quality fresh-cut agricultural products" 4 (4): 41-48, 2005

3 "Safety insurance method of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables" 4 (4): 18-25, 2005

4 "Quality evaluation of minimally processed Asian pears" 31 : 1523-1528, 1999

5 "Physiological activities of partially processed fruits and vegetables" 116-122, 1990

6 King, "Physical and microbiological storage stability of minimally processed fruits and vegetables" 132-135, 1989

7 Ahvenainen, R, "New approaches in improving the shelf life of minimally processed fruit and vegetables" 7 : 179-186, 1996

8 "Modified atmosphere packaging and active packaging of fruits and vegetable Minimally processing of foods" 14-15, 1994

9 "Minimal processing of fruits and vegetables" 8 : 85-91, 1995

10 "Microbiological safety of minimally processed vegetables" 4 : 38-54, 1999

11 "Methods in food and dairy microbiology" AVI Publishing Co 20-44, 1982

12 "Institute of Packaging Progessinals" 155-160, 1994

13 "High quality guarantee of fresh-cut products" 4 (4): 8-17, 2005

14 "Food safety quidelines for the fresh-cut produce industry" IFPA 2001

15 "Enzymatic browning of model solutions and apple phenolic extracts by apple polyphenoloxidas" 54 : 656-659, 1995

16 "Effect of processing conditions on the microflora of fresh-cut vegetables" 701-703, 1990

17 "Effect of delayed modified atmosphere packaging on quality of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce" 23 : 140-145, 2005

18 "Effect of blanching time on changes in vitamin and mineral contents in leafy vegetables treated by pesticides" 21 : 75-83, 2005

19 Marshall, JJ, "Coping with household stress in the 1990s: who uses convenience foods and do they help?" 22 : 729-734, 1995

20 Peter, R, "Consumer perception and choice of minimally processed vegetables and packaged fruits" 15 : 259-270, 2004

21 Clemons, "Comparing consumer's recall of prepurchase and postpurchase product evaluation experiences" 548-560, 1994

22 "Biological and biochemical changes in minimall processed refrigerated fruits and vegetables" 226-286, 1994

23 "Analysis of multiple pesticide residues in apples and pears using gas-liquid chromatography" 23 : 148-157, 2004

24 "A survey on consumption pattern of minimally processed fruits and vegetables" 13 : 267-274, 1998