형사조정의 성립과 만족 요인에 대한 평가 분석 = An Analysis on the Factors of Settlement of Victim-Offender Mediation and Satisfaction of the Related Parties

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aims to investigate the multiple factors related to settlement of and satisfaction with Victim-Offender Mediation(VOM). For this aim, questionnaires were distributed to 770 who once attended the VOM as the parties of criminal cases. The result from the analysis of the replies to the questionnaires could be summed up as follows: First, the settlement of VOM and satisfaction of the related parties with such settlement were found to have significant relationship with each other. In fact, 20.3% of the related parties whose cases were finally settled gained 5 points or lower out of 9 in full scores in their satisfaction with the criminal settlement. Whereas, however, 36.9% of the parties whose cases could not be settled expressed satisfaction with higher than 6 points.
Second, among the diverse factors related to VOM, it was suggested to improve as follows: ‘introduction of prior briefing about VOM’, ‘arrangement of sufficient time for mediation meetings’, ‘inclusion of the related party’s opinions’, ‘performance of role not as a judge but as a mediator’.
Third, the significant factors that could affect settlement of VOM might include ‘autonomy’, ‘explanation of the procedure to handle the case following VOM’, ‘comfortable and safe atmosphere during the mediation meetings’, ‘attitude and qualification of mediators’, and ‘emphasis on restoration of relationship between victim-offender’. On the other hand, the significant factors that could affect satisfaction of the related parties might include ‘settlement of mediation’, ‘emphasis on restoration of relationship between victim-offender’, ‘qualification and role of mediators’.
Fourth, it became obvious that ‘emphasis on restoration of relationship’ and ‘qualification of mediators’ could exercise impact upon satisfaction with VOM regardless of settlement. Therefore, It is necessary for VOM to concentrate more on restoration of relationship between victim-offender than recovery of damage by monetary compensation as well as to work out measures to advance qualification of mediators.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 형사조정의 성립과 만족에 관련된 다양한 요인에 대한 탐색을 목적으로 한다. 이에 형사조정회의에 참여한 형사조정 사건의 당사자 770명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 설문자료에 대한 분석을 통하여 발견된 사실을 요약하여 제시하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 형사조정의 성립과 사건 당사자의 만족도는 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 조정이 성립된 당사자의 20.3%는 형사조정에 대한 만족도가 9점 만점에서 5점 이하로 나타났으며, 조정이 불성립된 당사자의 36.9%의 만족도는 6점 이상인 것으로 나타났다.
둘째, 형사조정에 관련된 다양한 요소 중에서 개선이 필요한 부분은 ‘형사조정제도에 대한 사전 설명’, ‘형사조정회의 시간의 충분한 확보’, ‘조정 합의안 마련시 당사자 의견의 반영’, ‘심판자가 아닌 조정자의 역할 수행’ 등으로 나타났다.
셋째, 형사조정의 성립에 영향을 미치는 유의미한 요인은 ‘자율성’, ‘형사조정 이후의 사건 처리 절차 설명’, ‘편안하고 안전한 조정회의 분위기’, ‘조정위원의 태도’, ‘조정위원의 자질’, ‘당사자 간 관계회복 강조’ 등으로 나타났다. 반면에 당사자의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 유의미한 요인은 ‘조정의 성립 여부’, ‘당사자 간 관계회복의 강조’, ‘조정위원의 자질’, ‘조정위원의 역할’로 나타났다.
넷째, 다양한 요인 중에서 ‘관계회복의 강조’와 ‘조정위원의 자질’은 형사조정의 성립 여부뿐만 아니라 형사조정의 성립 여부에 상관없이 형사조정에 대한 만족도에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 형사조정회의에서는 단순히 금전적 배상을 통한 피해회복보다는 당사자 간 관계회복에 더욱 주력하여야 하며, 아울러 조정위원의 자질 향상을 위한 방안 마련도 필요하다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이동원, "형사조정프로그램의 이상적인 모델구성과 적용방안" 한국공안행정학회 19 (19): 139-169, 2010

2 조균석, "형사조정프로그램의 실효성 평가" 한국피해자학회 20 (20): 285-312, 2012

3 이동원, "형사조정의 실효성 연구Ⅱ" 대검찰청 2015

4 탁희성, "새로운 범죄대응전략으로서 화해조정체계구축(Ⅰ) 주요 외국의 형사화해조정 운용 및 평가에 관한 연구" 한국형사정책연구원 2008

5 Umbriet, Mark S, "Victim-offender mediation: Three decades of practice and research" 22 (22): 279-303, 2004

6 Umbreit, Mark S, "Victim meets offender:The impact of restorative justice and mediation" Criminal Justice Press 1994

7 Lois, "Values and evaluation: Assessing processes and outcomes of restorative justice programs" 48 (48): 162-188, 2002

8 Dignan, James, "Understanding victims and restorative justice" McGraw-Hill Education 2004

9 Poulson, Barton, "Third Voice: A Review of Empirical Research on the Psychological Outcomes of Restorative Justice" 167-, 2003

10 Hallevy, Gabriel, "Therapeutic Victim-Offender Mediation Within the Criminal Justice Process-Sharpening the Evaluation of Personal Potential for Rehabilitation While Righting Wrongs Under the ADR Philosophy" 16 : 65-, 2011

11 Bush, Robert A. Baruch, "The promise of mediation:Responding to conflict through empowerment and recognition, Vol. 296" Jossey-Bass 1994

12 Moore, Christopher W, "The mediation process: Practical strategies for resolving conflict" John Wiley & Sons 2014

13 Latimer, Jeff, "The effectiveness of restorative justice practices: A meta-analysis" Research and Statistics Division 2001

14 Umbreit, Mark S, "National survey of victim‐offender mediation programs in the United States" 16 (16): 235-251, 1999

15 Domenici, Kathy, "Mediation: Empowerment in conflict management" Waveland Press 2001

16 McCorkle, Suzanne, "Mediation theory and practice" SAGE Publications 2014

17 Umbriet, Mark S, "Impact of Victim-Offender Mediation: Two Decades of Research" 65 : 29-, 2000

18 Mackey, Virginia, "Holistic restorative justice: A response to McCold" 3 (3): 451-458, 2000

19 Lemley, Ellen C, "Designing restorative justice policy: An analytical perspective" 12 (12): 43-65, 2001

20 Isenhart, Myra Warren, "Collaborative approaches to resolving conflict" Sage 2000

21 Evje, Audrey, "A summary of the evaluations of six California victim offender reconciliation programs" Judicial Council of California, Administrative Office of the Courts 2000