우울한 노인과 대학생의 정서적 정보처리과정: 주의편향과 기억편향 = Emotional Information Processing in Depressed Older Adults and College Students: Attention and Memory Biases

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Depressed young adults (YAs) show a “negative bias” to pay more attention to and remember negative information, consistent with their current mood. However, emotional information processing by depressed older adults (OAs) is still far from clear. OAs generally show a “positivity effect” in that they are more likely to process positive information than negative information. Then, would depressed OAs show a negative bias even with a positivity effect? This study was conducted to investigate the effect of depressive mood in the emotional information processing of OAs. A total of 51 YAs (age=21.43±1.40; 25 with depression, 26 without) and 51 OAs (age=68.86±2.22; 26 with derpession, 25 without) participated in the study. A computer-administered dot probe task and a recognition test that consisted of neutral or emotionally charged words and faces were administered. Overall, OAs had significantly greater attention and memory biases for positive stimuli than for negative or neutral ones, whereas YAs showed negative biases in attention and memory. However, OAs with depression had a significantly greater attentional bias for negative stimuli. In sum, similar to YAs with depression, OAs with depression demonstrate a negative emotional information processing bias, although affective optimization is a universal characteristic in OAs.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

우울한 젊은 성인들은 기분 상태와 일치하는 부정적인 정보에 더 주의를 기울이고 더 잘 기억하는 “부정적인 정보처리편향”을 나타내지만, 우울한 노인의 정서적 정보처리에 관해서는 아직까지 밝혀진 바가 없다. 일반적으로 노인들은 부정적인 정보보다 긍정적인 정보를 더 선택적으로 처리하는 “긍정성 효과”를 나타낸다. 그렇다면, 긍정성 효과에도 불구하고 우울한 노인들도 부정적인 편향을 보일까? 본 연구는 노인과 대학생들을 대상으로 우울한 정서 가 정서적 정보처리과정에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해서 수행되었다. 대학생 51명(21.43±1.40세, 정상 집단 26명, 우울 집단 25명)과 노인 51명(68.86±2.22세, 정상 집단 25명, 우울 집단 26명)이 연구에 참여하였다. 주의편향과 기억편향을 평가하기 위하여 탐침탐사과제와 재인과제를 실시하였고, 두 과제는 정서가(valence)가 있거나 중립인 단어와 얼굴표정 자극들로 구성되었다. 분석 결과, 전체 노인 집단은 중립적/부정적 자극보다 긍정적인 자극에 더 주의를 두고 더 잘 기억해냈으나 대학생 집단은 반대로 부정적인 자극에 주의편향과 기억편향을 보였다. 그러나, 우울한 노인 집단은 우울한 대학생 집단과 마찬가지로 중립적/긍정적 자극보다 부정적인 자극에 더 주의를 주었고, 부적 편향의 정도에 있어서도 우울한 대학생 집단과 차이를 보이지 않았다. 요약하면, 노인들이 긍정성 효과와 정서 최적화 특성을 지녔음에도 불구하고, 우울한 노인들은 우울한 젊은 성인과 마찬가지로 부정적인 정보처리 편향을 지니고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

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